Abstract:There are still concerns about the suitability of including oats in a gluten-free diet. Coeliac patients consuming oats-containing food should be carefully monitored, until there is more evidence to show the safety of oats and varieties of low-toxicity oats.
“…The exposure of K562(S) cells to the PT digests of both oat cultivars Irina and Potenza did not result in cell agglutination, whereas some of the PT digests from oat cultivar Nave did agglutinate the K562(S) cells, though with a lower agglutination velocity than wheat flour. This result confirms the toxicity previously described for Nave oats in some in vitro models of CD inflammation [25]. Fig.…”
Section: Resultssupporting
confidence: 92%
“…Oats include many varieties, naked and husked seeds, containing various amino acid sequences [23] and showing different immunoreactivities to anti-gliadin polyclonal antibodies [24]. We have previously reported that the prolamin avenins (the proteins corresponding to wheat gliadin) from different oat cultivars display different immunostimulatory activities on celiac lymphocytes from peripheral blood [25]. Comino et al [26] have confirmed that the immunogenicity of oats on celiac T lymphocytes differs for different cultivars and showed a direct correlation between the immunogenic ability of the oat cultivars and the concentration of the immunostimulatory gliadin peptide 33mer in their protein fraction.…”
Purpose
Celiac disease (CD) is an autoimmune enteropathy, triggered by dietary gluten. The only treatment is a strict gluten-free diet. Oats are included in the list of gluten-free ingredients by European Regulation, but the safety of oats in CD is still a matter of debate. The present study examined the capability of different oat cultivars of activating the gliadin-induced transglutaminase-2 (TG2)-dependent events in some in vitro models of CD. In addition, we compared this capability with the electrophoresis pattern of peptic–tryptic digests of the proteins of the oat cultivars.MethodsK562(S) cells agglutination, transepithelial electrical resistance of T84-cell monolayers, intracellular levels of TG2 and phosphorylated form of protein 42–44 in T84 cells were the early gliadin-dependent events studied.ResultsThe results showed that the Nave oat cultivar elicited these events, whereas Irina and Potenza varieties did not. The ability of a cultivar to activate the above-described events was associated with the electrophoretic pattern of oat proteins and their reactivity to anti-gliadin antibodies.ConclusionWe found significant differences among oat cultivars in eliciting the TG2-mediated events of CD inflammation. Therefore, the safety of an oat cultivar in CD might be screened in vitro by means of biochemical and biological assays, before starting a clinical trial to definitely assess its safety.
“…The exposure of K562(S) cells to the PT digests of both oat cultivars Irina and Potenza did not result in cell agglutination, whereas some of the PT digests from oat cultivar Nave did agglutinate the K562(S) cells, though with a lower agglutination velocity than wheat flour. This result confirms the toxicity previously described for Nave oats in some in vitro models of CD inflammation [25]. Fig.…”
Section: Resultssupporting
confidence: 92%
“…Oats include many varieties, naked and husked seeds, containing various amino acid sequences [23] and showing different immunoreactivities to anti-gliadin polyclonal antibodies [24]. We have previously reported that the prolamin avenins (the proteins corresponding to wheat gliadin) from different oat cultivars display different immunostimulatory activities on celiac lymphocytes from peripheral blood [25]. Comino et al [26] have confirmed that the immunogenicity of oats on celiac T lymphocytes differs for different cultivars and showed a direct correlation between the immunogenic ability of the oat cultivars and the concentration of the immunostimulatory gliadin peptide 33mer in their protein fraction.…”
Purpose
Celiac disease (CD) is an autoimmune enteropathy, triggered by dietary gluten. The only treatment is a strict gluten-free diet. Oats are included in the list of gluten-free ingredients by European Regulation, but the safety of oats in CD is still a matter of debate. The present study examined the capability of different oat cultivars of activating the gliadin-induced transglutaminase-2 (TG2)-dependent events in some in vitro models of CD. In addition, we compared this capability with the electrophoresis pattern of peptic–tryptic digests of the proteins of the oat cultivars.MethodsK562(S) cells agglutination, transepithelial electrical resistance of T84-cell monolayers, intracellular levels of TG2 and phosphorylated form of protein 42–44 in T84 cells were the early gliadin-dependent events studied.ResultsThe results showed that the Nave oat cultivar elicited these events, whereas Irina and Potenza varieties did not. The ability of a cultivar to activate the above-described events was associated with the electrophoretic pattern of oat proteins and their reactivity to anti-gliadin antibodies.ConclusionWe found significant differences among oat cultivars in eliciting the TG2-mediated events of CD inflammation. Therefore, the safety of an oat cultivar in CD might be screened in vitro by means of biochemical and biological assays, before starting a clinical trial to definitely assess its safety.
“…Another relevant factor in different designs is the absence of information on the oat variety used. Silano et al 24 investigated the immunogenic effect of avenins from four oat cultivars using peripheral lymphocytes from patients with CD. The results obtained in this work show that there are in fact differences in immunogenicity in the oat varieties studied.…”
Background and aimsCoeliac disease (CD) is triggered by an abnormal reaction to gluten. Peptides resulting from partially digested gluten of wheat, barley or rye cause inflammation of the small intestinal mucosa. Previous contradictory studies suggest that oats may trigger the abnormal immunological response in patients with CD. Monoclonal antibodies (moAbs) against the main immunotoxic 33-mer peptide (A1 and G12) react strongly against wheat, barley and rye but have less reactivity against oats. The stated aim of this study is to test whether this observed reactivity could be related to the potential toxicity of oats for patients with CD.MethodsIn the present study, different oat varieties, controlled for their purity and by their distinct protein pattern, were used to examine differences in moAb G12 recognition by ELISA and western blot. Immunogenicity of oat varieties was determined by 33-mer concentration, T cell proliferation and interferon γ production.ResultsThree groups of oat cultivars reacting differently against moAb G12 could be distinguished: a group with considerable affinity, a group showing slight reactivity and a third with no detectable reactivity. The immunogenicity of the three types of oats as well as that of a positive and negative control was determined with isolated peripheral blood mononuclear T cells from patients with CD by measurement of cell proliferation and interferon γ release. A direct correlation of the reactivity with G12 and the immunogenicity of the different prolamins was observed.ConclusionsThe results showed that the reactivity of the moAb G12 is proportional to the potential immunotoxicity of the cereal cultivar. These differences may explain the different clinical responses observed in patients suffering from CD and open up a means to identify immunologically safe oat cultivars, which could be used to enrich a gluten-free diet.
“…The degree to which oats may be contaminated with gluten and whether they are safe for consumption by CD patients are issues currently being studied. [1][2][3] At any rate, a diet intentionally lacking in gluten -a gluten-free diet -has become established as the standard therapy for CD patients; adhering to a gluten-free diet has consistently been shown to induce remission in this population. 4 The exact pathogenesis of CD is not fully understood, but there appears to be an interplay between immune, genetic, and environmental factors.…”
SummaryOur understanding of celiac disease (CD) has improved dramatically in recent years. Once considered a rare childhood malabsorption syndrome, we now recognize CD as a complex enteropathy mediated by immune, genetic, and environmental factors. CD affects a large proportion of the Canadian population, and its disease burden is substantial in terms of proven reduction in quality of life. Symptom recognition and referral to a gastroenterologist for diagnosis are crucial. As CD is caused by intolerance to gluten, the only effective treatment is strict gluten avoidance. Canadian food product guidelines have only recently become sufficiently rigid, incorporating newer evidence that suggests lower limits of gluten tolerability in this patient population than previously thought.
RésuméDans les dernières années, nous en avons appris énormément sur la maladie coeliaque. Il fut un temps où nous pensions qu'il s'agissait d'un syndrome de malabsorption infantile rare, mais nous savons désormais que la maladie coeliaque est une entéropathie complexe où entrent en jeu des facteurs immunitaires, génétiques et environnementaux. La maladie touche une grande proportion de la population canadienne et a des répercussions considérables sur la qualité de vie. La détection des symptômes et l'aiguillage du patient en gastroentérologie en vue de l'établissement du diagnostic sont des éléments cruciaux de la prise en charge. Étant donné que la maladie provient d'une intolérance au gluten, le régime alimentaire strict sans gluten constitue le seul traitement efficace. Ce n'est que récemment que les lignes directrices canadiennes sur les produits alimentaires ont été resserrées à la lumière de nouvelles données probantes indiquant que la tolérabilité au gluten dans ce groupe de patients est moindre que ce que l'on pensait auparavant.
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