Avaliação radiográfica da silhueta cardíaca pelo método vertebral heart size em cães da raça Yorkshire Terrier clinicamente normais

Castro, M. G.; Torres, Renato; Araújo, Roberto Baracat de; Muzzi, Ruthnéa Aparecida Lázaro; Silva, E.F.

doi:10.1590/s0102-09352011000400009

Cited by 10 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 11 publications

(3 reference statements)

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“…This method is widely used by radiologists in routine cardiac evaluation and several studies confirm its efficacy when related to subjective assessment, electrocardiographic and echocardiographic (LAMB et al, 2000;SLEEPER & BUCHANAN, 2001;NAKAYAMA et al, 2001). Some studies reveal that there are racial differences and some breeds such as Yorkshire Terrier and Beagle are predominantly affected by diseases with distinct characteristics (e.g., cardiac dilation versus concentric hypertrophy) (LAMB et al2000;KRAETSCHMER et al, 2007;CASTRO et al, 2011). According to the subjective analysis, the right side of the heart was enlarged in 100% of the animals of both groups, GI and GII while some dogs from GII showed enlargement of the left side, as well.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

RADIOGRAPHIC FINDINGS OF UREMIC PNEUMONITIS IN DOGS WITH CHRONIC RENAL FAILURE / Achados radiográficos de pneumonite urêmica em cães com insuficiência renal crônica.

Paulino

Toni

Meirelles

et al. 2013

Ars Vet

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

RADIOGRAPHIC FINDINGS OF UREMIC PNEUMONITIS IN DOGS WITH CHRONIC RENAL FAILURE / Achados radiográficos de pneumonite urêmica em cães com insuficiência renal crônica.

Paulino

Toni

Meirelles

et al. 2013

Ars Vet

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“…S1 and S2 measurements were made using an adjustable caliper which were repositioned along the vertebral column, starting at the cranial border of the fourth thoracic vertebra (T4, Figures 2 & 3), to obtain the number of vertebrae, with 0.1 vertebra approximation. S1 and S2 were then added to the calculation of VHS in all projections [4,6,8].…”

Section: Electrocardiographic and X-ray Examinationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…So, the VHS method could help in the interpretation of the ECG of dogs with different thoracic conformations. The scientific literature presents the ECG [12,18,24] and VHS [7,8] values in dog of different breeds and sizes; however, there is little information about the correlation of these parameters in healthy dogs.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of Electrocardiographic Parameters, Thoracic Morphometry and Vertebral Heart Size in Clinically Normal Dogs

Margarido

Martins

Nunes

et al. 2019

Acta Scientiae. Vet.

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Background:The Vertebral Heart Size (VHS) method sets standards for the evaluation of dog's heart size from the comparison of the cardiac dimension with the length of the thoracic vertebrae through radiographic study. Electrocardiogram (ECG) is widely used in veterinary medicine for the evaluation of electrical conduction system of the heart; however, the increase of duration and amplitude of the ECG waves can suggest the increase of cardiac chambers in dogs. The scientific literature presents electrocardiographic and VHS values for dogs of different breeds and sizes; however, there is little information on the correlation of these parameters. Therefore, the aim of this study was to evaluate the amplitude and duration of ECG waves, thoracic morphometry and VHS values, in order to correlate these parameters in clinically normal dogs. Materials, Methods & Results:Twenty healthy dogs (11 females and 9 males), without breed distinction, medium sized (14.46 ± 2.92 kg) and aged between 1 and 8 years, were evaluated through physical examination, digital ECG (frontal and precordial leads) and thorax X-ray in right lateral (RL), left lateral (LL) and ventrodorsal (VD) projections. Thoracic morphometry and VHS measurements were determined as previously described. Clinical and ECG parameters were compatible with the references in all dogs evaluated. Dogs presented thorax intermediate (75%) with the depth and width ratio (D/W ratio) > 1.0. Some individual VHS values were higher than the references and the mean VHS values in VD projection was higher than in RL and LL projections (n = 20; P < 0.05). Female and male dogs did not differ among the evaluated parameters. A positive correlation was observed between thoracic morphometry and body weight (r ≥ +0.70; P < 0.001) and a negative correlation was found between the D/W ratio and VD VHS (r = -0.62; P < 0.05). No significant correlations were observed between the age, ECG parameters, thoracic morphometry and VHS measurements. Discussion: The majority of dogs presented intermediate thorax, a common characteristic for healthy dogs of different breeds. Some dogs had higher VHS values in different projections, when compared to references. The same has been reported by others authors for diferent breeds. However, there is no consensus about VHS values for all sexes, breeds and physical conformations in dogs. In agreement with other authors, the mean value of VD VHS was higher in relation to RL and LL VHS; however, RL and LL VHS did not differ. Positive and significative correlations were observed between body weight and thorax depth, and between body weight and thorax width, confirming that larger dogs had greater thoracic measurements. The thorax type could influence the VHS, when this parameter is determined by VD projection, because was observed a negative and significative correlation between the D/W ratio and VD VHS. So, the dogs with a deeper thorax may have lower VHS values. The correlation between VHS measurements and duration and amplitude of the ECG waves was weak, possibl...

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“…The method known as vertebral heart size (VHS) was proposed by Buchanan & Bucheler (1995) and compares the size of heart in lateral thoracic radiographs to the thoracic vertebrae, using the latter as its measuring unit. This system has been widely described in small animals, but there are a few reports in sheep (Cardoso et al 2011, Castro et al 2011, Gugjoo et al 2013.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Echocardiographic parameters and vertebral heart size (VHS) in lambs during the neonatal period

Ulian¹,

Lourenço

Inamassu

et al. 2018

Pesq. Vet. Bras.

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Due to cardiac immaturity, newborns have a different morphology and cardiac output when compared with adults. The purpose of this study was to describe the cardiac changes in echocardiographic characteristics and vertebral heart size (VHS) in newborn lambs during the neonatal period. Twenty-eight healthy Ile de France lambs were evaluated from birth to 35 days old. With the assistance of echocardiography, this study evaluated, both in systole and diastole, indexes related to the right and left ventricles, the aorta (Ao), the left atrium (LA), the E point to septal separation (EPSS) and the thickness of the interventricular septum (VSd, VSs). The left atrium-to-aorta ratio (LA:Ao) was analyzed and both the shortening (SF%) and ejection fractions were calculated (EF%). The VHS was obtained by measuring the heart’s long and short axes and comparing it to the thoracic vertebrae. Throughout the first 35 days, the results obtained demonstrated an increased LV:RV ratio when compared to adult lambs. The calculated indexes and the LA:Ao ratio did not present statistically significant differences. The VHS values were normally distributed, presenting a mean of 9.67 vertebrae (v) during the entire period. Both radiographic and echocardiographic parameters showed significant differences between the analyzed moments. The VHS values ranged from 8.4v at the minimum end to 11.2v at the maximum. In order to prevent these changes from being misdiagnosed as heart diseases, this study contributed to take note of neonatal physiological anatomy peculiarities and in addition, it describes the parameters for this age in Ilê de France lambs.

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Avaliação radiográfica da silhueta cardíaca pelo método vertebral heart size em cães da raça Yorkshire Terrier clinicamente normais

Abstract: Avaliação radiográfica da silhueta cardíaca pelo método vertebral heart size em cães da raça Yorkshire Terrier clinicamente normais

Cited by 10 publications

References 11 publications

RADIOGRAPHIC FINDINGS OF UREMIC PNEUMONITIS IN DOGS WITH CHRONIC RENAL FAILURE / Achados radiográficos de pneumonite urêmica em cães com insuficiência renal crônica.

RADIOGRAPHIC FINDINGS OF UREMIC PNEUMONITIS IN DOGS WITH CHRONIC RENAL FAILURE / Achados radiográficos de pneumonite urêmica em cães com insuficiência renal crônica.

Evaluation of Electrocardiographic Parameters, Thoracic Morphometry and Vertebral Heart Size in Clinically Normal Dogs

Echocardiographic parameters and vertebral heart size (VHS) in lambs during the neonatal period

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