Avaliação funcional de pessoas com lesão medular: utilização da escala de independência funcional - MIF

Abstract

ABSTRACT:Spinal cord injury usually occurs from trauma, causing serious disturbances for the individual, the family, and society at large, and is considered a serious public health problem. The aim of this research was to investigate functional gain in people with traumatic paraplegia participating in a rehabilitation program, by applying the Functional Independence Measure Scale. This is a retrospective cross-sectional, quantitative and descriptive study, with analysis of 228 medical records. We used Statistical Package for Social Science software, version 13 for Windows, with specific statistical tests. There was average functional improvement in all categories of body care, sphincter control, transfers, locomotion and stairs. The smallest functional gain occurred in the items feeding and toileting. Rehabilitation promotes gains in functional independence, since there was an average increase in functional gain of people with spinal cord injury. DESCRIPTORS:Rehabilitation. Paraplegia. Epidemiology. Nursing. AVALIAÇÃO FUNCIONAL DE PESSOAS COM LESÃO MEDULAR: UTILIZAÇÃO DA ESCALA DE INDEPENDÊNCIA FUNCIONAL -MIF RESUMO:A lesão medular geralmente ocorre por trauma, ocasionando sérios transtornos ao indivíduo, família e para a sociedade, sendo um problema grave de saúde pública. O objetivo desta pesquisa foi investigar o ganho funcional de pessoas com paraplegia traumática, participantes de um programa de reabilitação, através da aplicação da Escala de Medida de Independência Funcional. Trata-se de um estudo transversal retrospectivo, quantitativo e descritivo, com análise de 228 prontuários. Foi utilizado o software Statistical Package for the Social Science versão 13 para Windows, com testes estatísticos específicos. Os resultados apontam que ocorreram ganho funcional médio em todas as categorias de cuidados com o corpo; controle dos esfíncteres; transferir-se; locomoção e escadas. O menor ganho funcional ocorreu no item alimentar-se e toalete. A partir deste estudo conclui-se que a reabilitação promove ganhos na independência funcional, sendo fundamental para a recuperação e autonomia das pessoas com lesão medular. DESCRITORES:Reabilitação. Paraplegia. Epidemiologia. Enfermagem. EVALUACIÓN FUNCIONAL DE PERSONAS CON LESIÓN DE LA MÉDULA ESPINAL: EL USO DE LA ESCALA DE INDEPENDENCIA FUNCIONAL -MIFRESUMEN: La lesión de la médula espinal generalmente tiene el traumatismo como causa, originando serias molestias en el individuo, su familia, y sociedad. Es grave problema de salud pública. El objetivo de este trabajo fue investigar la ganancia funcional para personas con paraplejia traumática, participantes de un programa de rehabilitación, a través de la aplicación de la Escala de Medida de Independencia Funcional. Se trata de un estudio transversal retrospectivo, cuantitativo y descriptivo, con análisis de 228 registros. Se utilizó el programa Statistical Package for Social Science, versión 13 para Windows, con determinadas pruebas estadísticas. Los resultados muestran que la ganancia funcional promedio se produjo en tod...

Analysis of Risk Factors Sociodemographic for the Functional Dependence of Adults with Spinal Cord Injury

“…However, in the current literature there are three studies that correlated these variables, all pointed to the prevalence of functional independence. In the study that has applied the Competency Rating Scale for self-care (ASA, in Portuguese) [12] there was a predominance of males (p = 0.028); in the study that used the Functional Independence Measure (FIM) [13] it was prevailed females (p = 0.690) and the study that used the Barthel Index (BI) [14] the males are predominant (p = 1.223). As for education level these studies showed the predominance of education level lower than 10 years of study, with its significance, ASA (p = 0.046); MIF (p > 0.05) and IB (p = 0611).…”

“…It is also known that low education level interfere in other epidemiological factors with access to work and income, and therefore to obtain consumer goods and access to assistive technologies [13]- [15] [20].…”

“…In addition, discrimination by employers and loss of benefits can also be attributed to the difficulty of reintegration [13] [17] [20].…”

“…However, this study is divergent from the before mentioned studies, which showed functional independence. Those using ASA [12] IB and [14] have been developed in the home environment with people over 10 years of injury, in other words, people in the chronic phase of SCI; and the one using the MIF [13] was developed in a rehabilitation hospital with people who was entering the program, which had a general functional improvement because the mobility progress acquired through the program.…”

“…In the study using ASA [12], this correlation was also evident (p = 0.020), so the longer injury time is predictive of functional independence, a fact that is justified by the adaptation process, coping strategies built with time and maturity [13] [25].…”