Avaliação física, química e fitoquímica de frutos de Physalis, ao longo do período de colheita

Abstract

RESUMO-Physalis peruviana L. é uma espécie que vem sendo incorporada em plantios de pequenas frutas. Esta frutífera é tratada como anual, e o principal método de propagação é por sementes. Seu cultivo apresenta uma dinâmica de colheita diferenciada, com duração do período de colheita superior a três meses. Acredita-se que, devido ao extenso período de colheita, associado a diferentes épocas de semeadura, irão ocorrer variações nas características dos frutos. O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar as características físicas, químicas e fitoquímicas de frutos de Physalis peruviana ao longo do período de colheita, em função de duas épocas de plantio. O experimento foi realizado no período de 2007/2008. A semeadura foi realizada em duas épocas (04-09-2007 e 26-11-2007), e o transplante foi realizado quando as plantas estavam no estádio de duas folhas verdadeiras. Os frutos foram colhidos aos 120; 150; 180; 210 e 240 dias após o transplante e avaliados quanto à massa total e a coloração da epiderme, assim como quanto aos seus teores de sólidos solúveis (SS), acidez titulável (AT), fenóis e de carotenoides totais, razão SS/AT e atividade antioxidante. Os frutos de Physalis apresentaram variações físicas, químicas e fitoquímicas ao longo do período de colheita, para as duas datas de semeadura. O desenvolvimento das plantas, após o transplantio, levou a acréscimo nos valores de massa, nos teores de sólidos solúveis, fenóis e carotenoides, assim como na razão SS/AT. Na coloração e na atividade antioxidante, os maiores valores foram obtidos na primeira colheita (120 dias). A semeadura realizada em setembro proporcionou a obtenção de frutos com melhor qualidade. Termos para indexação: Physalis peruviana, semeadura, transplantio. PHYSICAL, CHEMICAL AND PHYTOCHEMICAL ASSESSMENT OF Physalis FRUITS OVER THE HARVEST PERIODABSTRACT -Physalis peruviana L. is a species that has been introduced in small fruit plantations. It is treated as an annual crop, and its main method of propagation is by seed. Its cultivation presents differentiated harvest dynamics, with a harvesting period duration exceeding three months. It is believed that due to the long harvest associated with different sowing seasons, there may be variations in the fruit characteristics. The aim of this study was to assess the physical, chemical and phytochemical characteristics of Physalis peruviana fruits during the harvest period, according to two sowing seasons. The experiment was carried out in 2007/2008. The seeding was performed at two different times (09/04/2007 and 11/26/2007) and transplantation was performed when fruits were at the second true leaf stage. The fruits were harvested at 120, 150, 180, 210 and 240 days after transplantation and assessed for total mass and skin color, as well as their soluble solids (SS) content, titratable acidity (TA), phenols and total carotenoids, and also the SS/TA ratio and antioxidant activity. The Physalis fruits present physical, chemical and phytochemical variations through the harvest period for the two sowing seasons...

Light spectrum on the quality of fruits of physalis species in subtropical area

“…The phenolic compounds contents found in fruits of P. peruviana were inferior to the ones reported by Lima et al (2012), who found variations between 150.04 and 210.04 mg EAG·100 g -1 ; however, these values were superior to the ones of Rockenbach et al (2008), between 57.9 and 47.8 mg EAG·100 g -1 of total phenolics in methanolic and aqueous extracts, respectively.…”

“…Other values of antioxidant activity are cited for the species when evaluated by the method of kidnapping of the ATBS radical. Lima et al (2012) found antioxidant activity of 1.50 and 1.45% of kidnapping of the ABTS radical.…”

PLASTIC COVERING, PLANTING DENSITY, AND PRUNNING IN THE PRODUCTION OF CAPE GOOSEBERRY ( Physalis peruviana L.) IN SUBTROPICAL REGION

“…These values are higher than the conditions in greenhouse cultivation, as reported by Rodrigues et al (2013), in which a study under greenhouse conditions reached a production of 215 g plant -1 . The treatment in which pruning was not carried out, presented the best productivity (6.97 t ha -1 ) in relation to plants that underwent pruning of productive stems; these values are among means found by Lima et al (2010) Lima et al (2012), whom investigated the evaluation of Physalis peruviana L. fruits quality throughout the harvesting season, when they found mean fruit mass values between 3.0 and 5.0 g. The highest means found in plants trained with two stems in relation to plants maintained with four stems might be associated with Physalis peruviana L. fruiting dynamics. This species has a long harvesting period and after peak production, a decrease in the number of fruits occur as a function of the change of source/sink relation (RUFATO et al, 2008), in which the practice of maintaining two stems may have possibly affected this relation.…”

Changes in quality during maturation of physalis fruit

“…Thus, the H° parameter was able to clearly demonstrate the changes in coloration, decreasing with the maturation advance and reaching values close to 90° at more mature stages (totally yellow and predominantly yellow), characterizing the yellow coloration. Lima et al (2012) reported values of the Hue angle between 75.17 and 78.39° in P. peruviana fruits whose sowing was carried out in September, and the seedlings transplanted in November; and between 73.12 and 78.23° (coloration between orange to intense orange, characteristic of the species) for those planted in November and transplanted in January. These values are lower than those found in this study for P. angulata (86.51) and P. pubescens (85.59), which revealed fruits tending to the yellow color as maturation advanced.…”