Auxin transport in the evolution of branching forms

Harrison, C. Jill

doi:10.1111/nph.14333

Cited by 31 publications

(29 citation statements)

References 80 publications

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“…While bifurcation is likely to be the ancestral branching pattern in gametophytes and sporophytes, axillary branching arose independently in moss and liverwort gametophytes and seed plant sporophytes (figure 3 a , d , g ) [121]. Most of our understanding of branching has been gained from studies in flowering plants in which branches initiate as a result of a drop in the levels of auxin and a rise in the levels of cytokinin in cells at the base of leaf primordia [122,123].…”

Section: Innovations In Vascular Plant Diversificationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Most of our understanding of branching has been gained from studies in flowering plants in which branches initiate as a result of a drop in the levels of auxin and a rise in the levels of cytokinin in cells at the base of leaf primordia [122,123]. Cells that attain branch fate in this manner can activate branch outgrowth in response to hormonal cues integrated across the plant later in development [121,124]. Shoot apices and young leaves play a major role in regulating branch outgrowth patterns as they produce auxin that is then transported away from the shoot tips via the polar auxin transport stream to suppress branching, and cytokinin antagonizes the action of auxin [124].…”

Section: Innovations In Vascular Plant Diversificationmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Development and genetics in the evolution of land plant body plans

Harrison¹

2017

Phil. Trans. R. Soc. B

148

166

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The colonization of land by plants shaped the terrestrial biosphere, the geosphere and global climates. The nature of morphological and molecular innovation driving land plant evolution has been an enigma for over 200 years. Recent phylogenetic and palaeobotanical advances jointly demonstrate that land plants evolved from freshwater algae and pinpoint key morphological innovations in plant evolution. In the haploid gametophyte phase of the plant life cycle, these include the innovation of mulitcellular forms with apical growth and multiple growth axes. In the diploid phase of the life cycle, multicellular axial sporophytes were an early innovation priming subsequent diversification of indeterminate branched forms with leaves and roots. Reverse and forward genetic approaches in newly emerging model systems are starting to identify the genetic basis of such innovations. The data place plant evo-devo research at the cusp of discovering the developmental and genetic changes driving the radiation of land plant body plans.This article is part of the themed issue ‘Evo-devo in the genomics era, and the origins of morphological diversity’.

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Section: Innovations In Vascular Plant Diversificationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Innovations In Vascular Plant Diversificationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Development and genetics in the evolution of land plant body plans

Harrison¹

2017

Phil. Trans. R. Soc. B

148

166

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“…In Arabidopsis , PIN and TCP genes regulate branch initiation [ 62 , 63 ] and suppression of axillary bud activity [ 64 , 65 ] to determine plants' overall branching form. PIN-mediated polar auxin transport is conserved between Arabidopsis and moss sporophytes [ 66 ], and disruption of PIN function in a moss induces at low penetrance a branching form that closely resembles early polysporangiophyte fossils ( figure 4 ) [ 47 , 60 ] and PpTCP5 disruption similarly induces branching [ 67 ]. Disrupting the function of two other gene classes in Physcomitrella can also induce sporophyte branching.…”

Section: Stage 1 the Origin Of Bifurcating Formsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The origin and early evolution of vascular plant shoots and leaves

Harrison

Morris

2017

Phil. Trans. R. Soc. B

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108

102

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The morphology of plant fossils from the Rhynie chert has generated longstanding questions about vascular plant shoot and leaf evolution, for instance, which morphologies were ancestral within land plants, when did vascular plants first arise and did leaves have multiple evolutionary origins? Recent advances combining insights from molecular phylogeny, palaeobotany and evo–devo research address these questions and suggest the sequence of morphological innovation during vascular plant shoot and leaf evolution. The evidence pinpoints testable developmental and genetic hypotheses relating to the origin of branching and indeterminate shoot architectures prior to the evolution of leaves, and demonstrates underestimation of polyphyly in the evolution of leaves from branching forms in ‘telome theory’ hypotheses of leaf evolution. This review discusses fossil, developmental and genetic evidence relating to the evolution of vascular plant shoots and leaves in a phylogenetic framework.This article is part of a discussion meeting issue ‘The Rhynie cherts: our earliest terrestrial ecosystem revisited’.

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“…The extent to which mechanisms regulating branching are shared between vascular plant sporophytes and bryophyte gametophytes, and the trajectory of gametophytic branching form diversification are unknown (Meusel, ; La Farge‐England, ; Harrison, ). Mosses are the most species‐rich bryophyte lineage (Magill, ), their phylogenetic relationships are well‐resolved (Shaw et al ., ; Buck et al ., ; Bell et al ., ; Quandt et al ., ; Cox et al ., ; Huttunen et al ., ; Stech et al ., ; Johnson et al ., ) and their overall architecture is well sampled and documented in herbarium specimens (La Farge‐England, ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Multiple innovations underpinned branching form diversification in mosses

et al. 2017

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Summary Broad‐scale evolutionary comparisons have shown that branching forms arose by convergence in vascular plants and bryophytes, but the trajectory of branching form diversification in bryophytes is unclear. Mosses are the most species‐rich bryophyte lineage and two sub‐groups are circumscribed by alternative reproductive organ placements. In one, reproductive organs form apically, terminating growth of the primary shoot (gametophore) axis. In the other, reproductive organs develop on very short lateral branches. A switch from apical to lateral reproductive organ development is proposed to have primed branching form diversification.Moss gametophores have modular development and each module develops from a single apical cell. Here we define the architectures of 175 mosses by the number of module classes, branching patterns and the pattern in which similar modules repeat. Using ancestral character state reconstruction we identify two stages of architectural diversification.During a first stage there were sequential changes in the module repetition pattern, reproductive organ position, branching pattern and the number of module classes. During a second stage, vegetative changes occurred independently of reproductive fate.The results pinpoint the nature of developmental change priming branching form diversification in mosses and provide a framework for mechanistic studies of architectural diversification.

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Auxin transport in the evolution of branching forms

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Cited by 31 publications

References 80 publications

Development and genetics in the evolution of land plant body plans

Development and genetics in the evolution of land plant body plans

The origin and early evolution of vascular plant shoots and leaves

Multiple innovations underpinned branching form diversification in mosses

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