Autoradiographic demonstration of ocular-dominance columns in the monkey striate cortex by means of transneuronal transport

Wiesel, Torsten N.; Hubel, David H.; Lam, Dominic M. K.

doi:10.1016/0006-8993(74)90416-8

Cited by 415 publications

(139 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…For the 25-, 50-, and 100-A currents, the extent of visual field affected was found to be 0.31, 0.39, and 0.58°, respectively. At a 4°eccentricity, 0.5°of visual field spans 2 ocular dominance columns (LeVay et al 1985), which represent 800 m of V1 tissue (Blasdel and Salama 1986;LeVay et al 1975LeVay et al , 1985Wiesel et al 1974). Therefore 25-, 50-, and 100-A currents affect V1 tissue within 248, 312, and 464 m from the electrode tip.…”

Section: Effective Current Spread In V1 Based On Behavioral Datamentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Doty assumed in these types of experiments that monkeys experience a punctate and unitary visual percept when electricity is delivered to any region within V1 because the conditioning effect attributed to stimulation of V1 is immediately generalized to any ipsilateral or contralateral location within the V1 map (Doty 1965(Doty , 1970 and because the conditioning response can be obtained using currents as low as 2 A (Bartlett and Doty 1980;DeYoe 1983). Such low currents can activate V1 neurons confined to the extent of an ocular dominance column (Tehovnik et al 2002), which is roughly 0.5 mm wide (Blasdel and Salama 1986;LeVay et al 1975LeVay et al , 1985Wiesel et al 1974). The excitability properties of V1 elements mediating the conditioning response are restrictive (chronaxies ranging from 0.1 to 0.5 ms; a chronaxie, a measure of neuronal excitability, is the shortest duration of an effective electrical stimulation pulse having a strength equal to twice the minimum strength required for neuronal excitation), suggesting that a limited population of neurons mediates this response (DeYoe 1983).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Phosphene Induction and the Generation of Saccadic Eye Movements by Striate Cortex

Tehovnik¹,

Slocum²,

Carvey³

et al. 2005

Journal of Neurophysiology

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Phosphene induction and the generation of saccadic eye movements by striate cortex. J Neurophysiol 93: 1-19, 2005. First published September 15, 2004 doi:10.1152/jn.00736.2004. The purpose of this review is to critically examine phosphene induction and saccadic eye movement generation by electrical microstimulation of striate cortex (area V1) in humans and monkeys. The following issues are addressed: 1) Properties of electrical stimulation as they pertain to the activation of V1 elements; 2) the induction of phosphenes in sighted and blind human subjects elicited by electrical stimulation using various stimulation parameters and electrode types; 3) the induction of phosphenes with electrical microstimulation of V1 in monkeys; 4) the generation of saccadic eye movements with electrical microstimulation of V1 in monkeys; and 5) the tasks involved for the development of a cortical visual prosthesis for the blind. In this review it is concluded that electrical microstimulation of area V1 in trained monkeys can be used to accelerate the development of an effective prosthetic device for the blind.

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Section: Effective Current Spread In V1 Based On Behavioral Datamentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Phosphene Induction and the Generation of Saccadic Eye Movements by Striate Cortex

Tehovnik¹,

Slocum²,

Carvey³

et al. 2005

Journal of Neurophysiology

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“…The first aspect of cortical organization to be examined is the pattern of input of the geniculate afferents to the cortex. This can be done using the autoradiographic technique for tracing neuronal connections, transynaptically from the 18,20 or by a fiber stain 19 (see also lecture of David Hubel). When in the normal monkey the input from the lateral geniculate nucleus reaches layer IV of the cortex, the information from the two eyes is still segregated.…”

Section: Monocular Deprivationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Postnatal development of the visual cortex and the influence of environment

Wiesel

1982

Nature

904

338

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“…We visualized OD-and ORcolumns according to the autoradiographic methods described first by Wiesel et al 1974 andHubel et al 1977b. For transneuronal labeling of OD-columns we injected the left (cats C1+ C2) or right (cats C3+C4) eye with 2-2.5 mCi (3H)proline (injected volume 100 ~1 (cats C1+C2), 50 p3 (cat C3) and 25 ~1 (cat C4)).…”

Section: Surgical Proceduresmentioning

confidence: 99%

Topographic relations between ocular dominance and orientation columns in the cat striate cortex

et al. 1988

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Summary.In the visual cortex of four adult cats ocular dominance and orientation columns were visualized with (3H)proline and (14C)deoxyglucose autoradiography. The two columnar systems were reconstructed from serial horizontal sections or from flat-mount preparations and graphically superimposed. They share a number of characteristic features: In both systems the columns have a tendency to form regularly spaced parallel bands whose main trajectory is perpendicular to the border between areas 17 and 18. These bands frequently bifurcate or terminate in blind endings. The resulting irregularities are much more pronounced in the ocular dominance than in the orientation system. The periodicity of the columnar patterns was assessed along trajectories perpendicular to the main orientation of the bands and differed in the two columnar systems. The spacing of the ocular dominance stripes was significantly narrower than the spacing of orientation bands. The mean periodicity of a particular columnar system was virtually identical in the two hemispheres of the same animal but it differed substantially in different animals. However, the spacing of orientation columns covaried with that of the ocular dominance columns, the ratios of the mean spacings of the two columnar systems being similar in the four cats. The superposition of the two columnar systems revealed no obvious topographic relation between any of the organizational details such as the location of bifurcations, blind endings and intersections. We suggest the following conclusions: 1. The developmental processes generating the two columnar systems seem to obey the same algorithms but they act independently of each other. 2. The space constants of the two systems are rigorously specified and appear to depend on a common variable. 3. The main orientation of the bands in both columnar Offprint requests to: S. L6wel (address see above)systems is related to a) the representation of the vertical meridian, b) the anisotropy of the cortical magnification factor, and c) the tangential spread of intracortical connections.

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Autoradiographic demonstration of ocular-dominance columns in the monkey striate cortex by means of transneuronal transport

Cited by 415 publications

References 12 publications

Phosphene Induction and the Generation of Saccadic Eye Movements by Striate Cortex

Phosphene Induction and the Generation of Saccadic Eye Movements by Striate Cortex

Postnatal development of the visual cortex and the influence of environment

Topographic relations between ocular dominance and orientation columns in the cat striate cortex

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