Automatic Morphing of Face Images

Zanella, Vittorio; Ramirez, Geovany A.; Vargas, Héctor; Rosas, Lorna V.

doi:10.1007/978-3-642-04921-7_61

Cited by 10 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 10 publications

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“…Face morphing has been widely used for more than a decade, especially in the video animation industry [2], but the attack potential against FRSs has been noted recently [48]. Morphs can be generated using various techniques, from simple image warping to recent generative adversarial networks (GANs) [27], [33], [34], [66], [68], [86], [128], [130], [131]. The most widely used morph generation methods are based on the landmark-based technique [11], [51], [92], [104], where morphing is carried out by combining the images with respect to corresponding landmarks.…”

Section: Face Morph Attack Generationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Face Morphing Attack Generation and Detection: A Comprehensive Survey

Venkatesh

Ramachandra

Raja

et al. 2021

IEEE Trans. Technol. Soc.

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Face recognition has been successfully deployed in real-time applications, including secure applications such as border control. The vulnerability of face recognition systems (FRSs) to various kinds of attacks (both direct and indirect attacks) and face morphing attacks has received great interest from the biometric community. The goal of a morphing attack is to subvert an FRS at an automatic border control (ABC) gate by presenting an electronic machine-readable travel document (eMRTD) or e-passport that is obtained based on a morphed face image. Since the application process for an e-passport in the majority of countries requires a passport photo to be presented by the applicant, a malicious actor and an accomplice can generate a morphed face image to obtain the e-passport. An e-passport with a morphed face image can be used by both the malicious actor and the accomplice to cross a border, as the morphed face image can be verified against both of them. This can result in a significant threat, as a malicious actor can cross the border without revealing the trace of his/her criminal background, while the details of the accomplice are recorded in the log of the access control system. This survey aims to present a systematic overview of the progress made in the area of face morphing in terms of both morph generation and morph detection. In this paper, we describe and illustrate various aspects of face morphing attacks, including different techniques for generating morphed face images and state-of-the-art morph attack detection (MAD) algorithms based on a stringent taxonomy as well as the availability of public databases, which allow us to benchmark new MAD algorithms in a reproducible manner. The outcomes of competitions and benchmarking, vulnerability assessments and performance evaluation metrics are also provided in a comprehensive manner. Furthermore, we discuss the open challenges and potential future areas that need to be addressed in the evolving field of biometrics.

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Section: Face Morph Attack Generationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Face Morphing Attack Generation and Detection: A Comprehensive Survey

Venkatesh

Ramachandra

Raja

et al. 2021

IEEE Trans. Technol. Soc.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Face morphing was widely used for more than a decade, especially in the video animation industry [1], but the attack potential on the FRS was noted in the recent past [46]. Morphs can be generated using various techniques from simple image warping to recent Generative Adversarial Networks (GAN) [27], [32], [33], [65], [67], [85], [126], [128], [129]. The most widely used morph generation is based on the landmark-based technique [11], [49], [91], [103] where morphing is carried out by combining the images with respect to corresponding landmarks.…”

Section: Face Morphing Attackmentioning

confidence: 99%

Face Morphing Attack Generation & Detection: A Comprehensive Survey

Venkatesh,

Ramachandra,

Raja

et al. 2020

Preprint

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Face recognition has been successfully deployed in real-time applications including secure applications like border control. The vulnerability of Face Recognition System (FRS) to various kind of attacks (both direct and in-direct attacks) and face morphing attacks has received a great interest from the biometric community. The goal of a morphing attack is to subvert the FRS at Automatic Border Control (ABC) gates by presenting the Electronic Machine Readable Travel Document (eMRTD) or e-passport that is obtained based on the morphed face image. Since the application process for the e-passport in the majority countries requires a passport photo to be presented by the applicant, a malicious actor and the accomplice can generate the morphed face image and to obtain the e-passport. An e-passport with a morphed face images can be used by both the malicious actor and the accomplice to cross the border as the morphed face image can be verified against both of them. This can result in a significant threat as a malicious actor can cross the border without revealing the track of his/her criminal background while the details of accomplice are recorded in the log of the access control system. This survey aims to present a systematic overview of the progress made in the area of face morphing in terms of both morph generation and morph detection. In this paper, we describe and illustrate various aspects of face morphing attacks, including different techniques for generating morphed face images but also the state-of-the-art regarding Morph Attack Detection (MAD) algorithms based on a stringent taxonomy and finally the availability of public databases, which allow to benchmark new MAD algorithms in a reproducible manner. The outcomes of competitions/benchmarking, vulnerability assessments and performance evaluation metrics are also provided in a comprehensive manner. Furthermore, we discuss the open challenges and potential future works that need to be addressed in this evolving field of biometrics.

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“…N. Kwak [14] established a field based semi-automated morphing technique where users set control parameters and define the feature points with outside input for both the source and original image. V. Zanella et al [15] employed the Active Shape model, which uses predetermined face models in order to extract facial characteristics and automatize image morphing. To ensure a smooth connection between feature points, B-spline is used in this study.…”

Section: Facial Definition Parametersmentioning

confidence: 99%

Design of Morphing System for Anthropomorphic Animal Characters

Lee

Kim²,

Park³

2015

IJMUE

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In this paper, the classification of animal facial characteristics is examined for the purpose of creating anthropomorphic animal characters, followed by a description of the design process involved in creating a morphing program that can be used to generate various anthropomorphic animal characters. In order to establish an animal archetype database (DB) and an anthropomorphic animal character DB, we systematically analyze the facial characteristics of mammal characters. Subsequently, a technique is proposed with which to express component-based animal faces using a B-Spline curve in the morphing system.This program offers an intuitive user interface with a prototype generated upon the definition of necessary menus that allow system users to select optimally anthropomorphized images from an input source-target image morphing process.

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Automatic Morphing of Face Images

Cited by 10 publications

References 10 publications

Face Morphing Attack Generation and Detection: A Comprehensive Survey

Face Morphing Attack Generation and Detection: A Comprehensive Survey

Face Morphing Attack Generation & Detection: A Comprehensive Survey

Design of Morphing System for Anthropomorphic Animal Characters

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