Automatic and manual spray bar sections control

Neto, Pedro Henrique Weirich; Meer, Roderik Wouter Van Der; Vink, P.; Justino, Altair; Garcia, Luiz Cláudio

doi:10.1590/s0100-69162014000600015

Cited by 3 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 7 publications

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“…These application methods are efficient ways to treat specific problem areas without treating an entire turf area. Manual sprayers are designed for spot treatments and space treatment areas unsuitable for larger areas [22]. Compared to other sprayers, they are relatively inexpensive and are easy to operate, clean, and store.…”

Section: Pesticide Application Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Exposure Routes and Health Risks Associated with Pesticide Application

Tudi

et al. 2022

Toxics

115

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Pesticides play an important role in agricultural development. However, pesticide application can result in both acute and chronic human toxicities, and the adverse effects of pesticides on the environment and human health remain a serious problem. There is therefore a need to discuss the application methods for pesticides, the routes of pesticide exposure, and the health risks posed by pesticide application. The health problems related to pesticide application and exposure in developing countries are of particular concern. The purpose of this paper is to provide scientific information for policymakers in order to allow the development of proper pesticide application technics and methods to minimize pesticide exposure and the adverse health effects on both applicators and communities. Studies indicate that there are four main pesticide application methods, including hydraulic spraying, backpack spraying, basal trunk spraying, and aerial spraying. Pesticide application methods are mainly selected by considering the habits of target pests, the characteristics of target sites, and the properties of pesticides. Humans are directly exposed to pesticides in occupational, agricultural, and household activities and are indirectly exposed to pesticides via environmental media, including air, water, soil, and food. Human exposure to pesticides occurs mainly through dermal, oral, and respiratory routes. People who are directly and/or indirectly exposed to pesticides may contract acute toxicity effects and chronic diseases. Although no segment of the general population is completely protected against exposure to pesticides and their potentially serious health effects, a disproportionate burden is shouldered by people in developing countries. Both deterministic and probabilistic human health risk assessments have their advantages and disadvantages and both types of methods should be comprehensively implemented in research on exposure and human health risk assessment. Equipment for appropriate pesticide application is important for application efficiency to minimize the loss of spray solution as well as reduce pesticide residuals in the environment and adverse human health effects due to over-spraying and residues. Policymakers should implement various useful measures, such as integrated pest management (IPM) laws that prohibit the use of pesticides with high risks and the development of a national implementation plan (NIP) to reduce the adverse effects of pesticides on the environment and on human health.

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Section: Pesticide Application Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Exposure Routes and Health Risks Associated with Pesticide Application

Tudi

et al. 2022

Toxics

115

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“…Despite that, Brazilian research in this area focused on evaluating the benefits of automation (e.g., variable rate application, boom section control) and its influences on crop production. In the 2010s, studies were carried out to assess sprayed volume savings when using automatic section control in sprayers [122] and to determine the effects on corn yield promoted by the control of sowing overlap and the optimization of withinrow plant spacing accomplished by precision planters equipped with automatic section control and vacuum meter systems [123,124]. Baio et al [125] used a low-cost electronic controller for flow rate (i.e., instead of using direct injection systems, which are traditionally more expensive) to evaluate the management effects of the variable rate applications of phytosanitary products on cotton.…”

Section: Machinery Equipment and Autonomous Vehiclesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Precision Agriculture in Brazil: The Trajectory of 25 Years of Scientific Research

et al. 2022

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Precision agriculture (PA) stands out as an innovative way to manage production resources, increasing the efficiency and the socioeconomic and environmental sustainability of agricultural systems. In Brazil, the principles and tools of PA started to be adopted in the late 1990s. To reveal the scientific trajectory and advances in PA taken over the past 25 years in Brazil, we conducted a comprehensive and systematic literature review. After searching for available peer-reviewed literature, 442 publications were selected to compose the database. Our bibliometric review showed that the scientific PA network is growing in Brazil, with the number and quality of publications, the number of interactions among research groups, and the number of international collaborations increasing. Soil and plant management are the two main pillars of PA research (~61% of the publications). More recently, research has evolved to include other areas, such as the use of proximal sensors to monitor soil and crop development, remote sensing using images from satellites and remotely piloted aircraft systems, and the development of decision support tools. A substantial part of Brazilian PA research is marked by the evaluation and adaptation of imported technologies, a scenario that is slowly changing with the growth of well-trained human resources and advances in national industry. Based on Brazilian scientific history and remaining challenges, the key potential areas for future research are (i) the development of digitally based decision support systems, i.e., a shift of focus from on-farm data technologies towards effective, site-specific decision making based on digital data and improved analytics; (ii) on-farm precision experimentation to underpin on-farm data collection and the development of new decision tools; and (iii) novel machine learning approaches to promote the implementation of digitally based decision support systems.

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