Automatic and controlled processes and the development of addictive behaviors in adolescents: A review and a model

Wiers, Reinout W.; Bartholow, Bruce D.; Wildenberg, Esther van den; Thush, Carolien; Engels, Rutger C. M. E.; Sher, Kenneth J.; Grenard, Jerry L.; Ames, Susan L.; Stacy, Alan W.

doi:10.1016/j.pbb.2006.09.021

Cited by 629 publications

(633 citation statements)

References 237 publications

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“…In humans, drug-induced irrational 'wanting' has been suggested to occur via incentive sensitization in some drug addicts, which may create a motivational compulsion to take drugs again even if a drug is not particularly pleasant and even after recovery from withdrawal (Robinson and Berridge 1993;Robinson and Berridge 2003). Considerable evidence has recently emerged to bear on such excesses of desire (Boileau et al 2006;Boileau et al 2007;Camerer 2006;de Wit et al 2002;Evans et al 2006;Everitt and Robbins 2005;Finlayson et al 2007;Lawrence et al 2003;Leyton et al 2002;Leyton et al 2005;Robinson and Berridge 2003;Vanderschuren and Everitt 2005;Wiers et al 2007;Wiers and Stacy 2006).…”

Section: Dopamine-beyond Learning Too?mentioning

confidence: 99%

Affective neuroscience of pleasure: reward in humans and animals

2008

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Introduction Pleasure and reward are generated by brain circuits that are largely shared between humans and other animals. Discussion Here, we survey some fundamental topics regarding pleasure mechanisms and explicitly compare humans and animals. Conclusion Topics surveyed include liking, wanting, and learning components of reward; brain coding versus brain causing of reward; subjective pleasure versus objective hedonic reactions; roles of orbitofrontal cortex and related cortex regions; subcortical hedonic hotspots for pleasure generation; reappraisals of dopamine and pleasure-electrode controversies; and the relation of pleasure to happiness.

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Section: Dopamine-beyond Learning Too?mentioning

confidence: 99%

Affective neuroscience of pleasure: reward in humans and animals

2008

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“…At the cognitive side, researchers have put forward cognitive models of important societal and behavioral problems such as addiction (e.g., Wiers et al, 2007) and depression (e.g., De Raedt & Koster, 2010). By shedding light on the mental processes involved in these behaviors, these models clarify which mental processes have to be changed in order to alter behavior.…”

Section: On the Nature Of Applied Psychologymentioning

confidence: 99%

Psychological engineering: A functional–cognitive perspective on applied psychology.

Houwer¹,

Hughes²,

Barnes‐Holmes³

2017

Journal of Applied Research in Memory and Cognition

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The functional-cognitive framework for psychological research implies that functional and cognitive researchers operate at two separate but mutually supportive levels of explanation.From a functional-cognitive perspective, all applied psychologists are ultimately directed at the functional level but they can differ in the way they conduct functional research and the degree to which they seek guidance from cognitive models. We propose a taxonomy that encompasses four different types of applied psychology and evaluate the merits of each type.We also argue that applied psychology can be fortified by strengthening its functional core, thus evolving into a more integrated but still diverse discipline of psychological engineering.Finally, we explore the implications of these ideas for applied memory research.Keywords: functional psychology, cognitive psychology, levels of explanation In a recent paper, Hughes, De Houwer, and Perugini (2016) likened the current state of psychological science to an archipelago of islands, each home to a different "tribe" of researchers. The members of the various tribes differ not only with regard to the topics that they study (e.g., psychopathology, social behavior, …) but also with regard to the approach that they adopt when studying these topics. Generally speaking, communication between the different islands is limited. This is particularly the case for two groups of islands, one group that adopts a cognitive approach and a second group that adopts a functional approach. The cognitive approach has dominated psychology for about half a century now. It aims to uncover mental mechanisms, that is, the way in which organisms process information (see Bechtel, 2008;Gardner, 1987). The functional approach, on the other hand, can be linked to behaviorism, at least certain forms of behaviorism such as radical behaviorism as it was introduced by B. F. Skinner (see Chiesa, 1992Chiesa, , 1994Hayes & Brownstein, 1986) and to more recent scientific approaches such as contextual behavioral science (Hayes, BarnesHolmes, & Wilson, 2012). Functional psychologists, as we will call them, are interested primarily in the environmental determinants of behavior, that is, in the way that behavior is a function of the (present and past) environment. 1 The cognitive approach is often thought of as a reaction against and thus as incompatible with the functional approach. For instance, in a column about the state of behaviorism at the centenary of B. F. Skinner's birth, Roediger (2004) cited Tulving who argued that "psychology now designates at least two rather different sciences, one of behavior 1 We use the term "functional" in the mathematical sense of "function of" (i.e., behavior is a function of the environment) rather than in the teleological sense of "function for" (i.e., behavior serves a purpose). This also clarifies the distinction between functional psychology as we see it (i.e., the study of environment-behavior relations) and functional psychology as the approach adopted by a group of A...

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“…According to the dual process theory (Wiers et al, 2007;Stacy and Wiers, 2010), chronic alcohol use induces a sensitization of the appetitive system in combination with an increase of the salience of alcoholrelated cues (Robinson and Berridge, 1993) as well as a progressive decline of the regulatory executive system (Parsons, 1998), as evidenced particularly by a lack of executive resources required to inhibit inappropriately salient responses to alcohol. Indeed, several studies reported that alcohol abusers show an attentional bias (Field et al, 2007;Townshend and Duka, 2001) as well as automatic approach behaviors towards alcohol-related cues Wiers et al, 2007). These two processes (i.e., altered inhibition capacities and increased attentional bias for alcohol) seem to be involved in the development of alcohol-seeking behaviors (Fadardi and Cox, 2008;Nigg et al, 2006) and in alcohol relapse (Field and Cox, 2008).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Most studies conducted on individuals with low sensitivity to alcohol, on heavy drinkers (i.e., more than 4 drinks on any day or 14 per week and usually classified as score higher than 11 at the Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test, AUDIT; Fleming et al, 1991) and on alcohol-dependent patients have shown larger P300 amplitudes and shorter P300 latencies elicited by alcohol-related pictures or alcohol-related words as compared to neutral stimuli (Bartholow et al, 2007(Bartholow et al, , 2010Hansenne et al, 2003;Herrmann et al, 2000Herrmann et al, , 2001Namkoong et al, 2004). These results suggest that alcohol-related cues are more salient for chronic alcohol users.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Alcohol abuse and ERP components in Go/No-go tasks using alcohol-related stimuli: Impact of alcohol avoidance

Kreusch

Quertemont

Vilenne

et al. 2014

International Journal of Psychophysiology

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a b s t r a c t a r t i c l e i n f oAlcohol addictive behaviors are associated with a combination of deficits in executive functions, such as a weak response inhibition, and potent automatic appetitive responses to alcohol-related cues. The aim of the present study was to investigate behavioral responses and event-related potentials (ERPs) associated with specific response inhibition for alcohol-related cues. Thirty participants (15 heavy drinkers and 15 light drinkers) took part in the study. Response inhibition was assessed by a classical letter Go/No-go task and by a modified alcohol Go/No-go task. Participants were also classified as high and low alcohol avoiders. Results showed that heavy drinkers made more false alarms in the letter Go/No-go task. In the alcohol Go/No-go task, an absence of N200 amplitude anteriorization was found in heavy drinkers as compared to light drinkers. Participants with a high level of alcohol avoidance exhibited more false alarms, and higher N200 amplitude for the No-go trials as compared to the Go trials for alcohol-related cues. Higher P300 amplitude was observed in low alcohol avoiders for No-go as compared to Go trials. Therefore, a context involving alcohol-related cues disturbed inhibition capacities of high alcohol avoiders. These results suggest that the level of alcohol avoidance must be taken into account in studies investigating alcohol-related cognitive biases.

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Automatic and controlled processes and the development of addictive behaviors in adolescents: A review and a model

Cited by 629 publications

References 237 publications

Affective neuroscience of pleasure: reward in humans and animals

Affective neuroscience of pleasure: reward in humans and animals

Psychological engineering: A functional–cognitive perspective on applied psychology.

Alcohol abuse and ERP components in Go/No-go tasks using alcohol-related stimuli: Impact of alcohol avoidance

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