Autogenous vaccination in aquaculture: A locally enabled solution towards reduction of the global antimicrobial resistance problem

Barnes, Andrew C.; Silayeva, Oleksandra; Landos, Matt; Dong, Ha Thanh; Lusiastuti, Angela Mariana; Phuoc, Le Hong; Delamare-Deboutteville, J.

doi:10.1111/raq.12633

Cited by 27 publications

(31 citation statements)

References 100 publications

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“…Autogenous vaccines provide an emergency solution for combating insidious pathogens and has been proposed to control P. salmonis . These are vaccines produced from pathogens directly isolated from the affected farms, in which the elaborated vaccines can be implemented at lower frequencies and with more control ( 119 , 120 ). The benefits of this type of vaccine are its effectiveness against local serotypes of variable pathogens and its ability to be rapidly reformulated compared to regular commercial vaccines ( 119 , 121 ).…”

Section: How To Avoid Vaccines Fail Against Piscirickettsiosismentioning

confidence: 99%

“…These are vaccines produced from pathogens directly isolated from the affected farms, in which the elaborated vaccines can be implemented at lower frequencies and with more control ( 119 , 120 ). The benefits of this type of vaccine are its effectiveness against local serotypes of variable pathogens and its ability to be rapidly reformulated compared to regular commercial vaccines ( 119 , 121 ). Additionally, autogenous vaccines can control outbreaks and decrease the use of antimicrobials ( 119 ).…”

Section: How To Avoid Vaccines Fail Against Piscirickettsiosismentioning

confidence: 99%

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Why vaccines fail against Piscirickettsiosis in farmed salmon and trout and how to avoid it: A review

et al. 2022

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Piscirickettsiosis is the most severe, persistent, and damaging disease that has affected the Chilean salmon industry since its origins in the 1980s. As a preventive strategy for this disease, different vaccines have been developed and used over the last 30 years. However, vaccinated salmon and trout frequently die in the sea cages and the use of antibiotics is still high demonstrating the low efficiency of the available vaccines. The reasons why the vaccines fail so often are still debated, but it could involve different extrinsic and intrinsic factors. Among the extrinsic factors, mainly associated with chronic stress, we can distinguish: 1) biotic including coinfection with sea lice, sealions attacks or harmful algal blooms; 2) abiotic including low oxygen or high temperature; and 3) farm-management factors including overcrowding or chemical delousing treatments. Among the intrinsic factors, we can distinguish: 1) fish-related factors including host’s genetic variability (species, population and individual), sex or age; 2) pathogen-related factors including their variability and ability to evade host immune responses; and 3) vaccine-related factors including low immunogenicity and poor matches with the circulating pathogen strain. Based on the available evidence, in order to improve the development and the efficacy of vaccines against P. salmonis we recommend: a) Do not perform efficacy evaluations by intraperitoneal injection of pathogens because they generate an artificial protective immune response, instead cohabitation or immersion challenges must be used; b) Evaluate the diversity of pathogen strains in the field and ensure a good antigenic match with the vaccines; c) Investigate whether host genetic diversity could be improved, e.g. through selection, in favor of better and longer responses to vaccination; d) To reduce the stressful effects at the cage level, controlling the co-infection of pathogens and avoiding fish overcrowding. To date, we do not know the immunological mechanisms by which the vaccines against P. salmonis may or may not generate protection. More studies are required to identify what type of response, cellular or molecular, is required to develop effective vaccines.

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Section: How To Avoid Vaccines Fail Against Piscirickettsiosismentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: How To Avoid Vaccines Fail Against Piscirickettsiosismentioning

confidence: 99%

Why vaccines fail against Piscirickettsiosis in farmed salmon and trout and how to avoid it: A review

et al. 2022

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“…Use of antibiotics and chemotherapies that were historically used to mitigate such disease outbreaks has rapidly declined in recent years and is now banned in many countries due to the development of antimicrobial resistance [5,6]. This decreased use of antibiotics has coincided with increased research efforts to develop novel antimicrobial therapies including vaccines [7,8], probiotics [9], medicinal plants [10] and antimicrobial compounds [5].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Assessing the Activity of Antimicrobial Peptides Against Common Marine Bacteria Located in Rotifer (Brachionus plicatilis) Cultures

Woods

Woolley

Partridge

et al. 2022

Probiotics & Antimicro. Prot.

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Rotifers are used as the first feed for marine fish larvae and are grown in large cultures that have high loads of organic matter and heterotrophic bacteria; these bacteria are passed on to the developing fish larvae and can potentially lead to bacterial infections. A modified minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) protocol for antimicrobial peptides was used to determine the potency of ten antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) in artificial seawater relevant to a rotifer culture (salinity of 25‰) against common marine pathogens. All of the AMPs had antimicrobial activity against the bacterial isolates when the salt concentration was approximately zero. However, in high salt concentrations, the majority of the AMPs had an MIC value greater than 65 µg mL−1 in artificial seawater (25‰). The only exceptions were 2009 (32.5 µg mL−1) and 3002 (32.5 µg mL−1) against Vibrio rotiferianus and Tenacibaculum discolor, respectively. The selected synthetic AMPs were not effective at reducing the bacterial load in brackish salt concentrations of a typical commercial rotifer culture (25‰).

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“…To maintain the fish health and/or to control disease outbreaks, antibiotics have at least to some extent been applied in aquaculture, which has caused wide concerns over food safety of aquaculture products, and also resulted in antimicrobial resistance of pathogenic bacteria and viruses 3 . Barnes et al, 3 in their review article, propose to develop autogenous vaccination to combat antimicrobial resistance in aquaculture 3 . Autogenous vaccines are defined as custom vaccines produced from pathogens isolated directly from affected farms, and used locally in these farms.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Barnes et al 3 analyse the pathway towards the success of vaccine application in salmon production in Norway in comparison with the antibiotic use in Chile also in salmon production. They further examine cultured species diversity, diseases, pathogen genetic variations in a few countries, such as Indonesia, Vietnam and Thailand, and concluded that autogenous vaccines have advantages in many low‐ and middle‐income countries in terms of intellectual property, efficacy and flexibility.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Understanding antimicrobial peptides and combatting antimicrobial resistance problems

Nie

2022

Reviews in Aquaculture

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Autogenous vaccination in aquaculture: A locally enabled solution towards reduction of the global antimicrobial resistance problem

Abstract: This is an open access article under the terms of the Creat ive Commo ns Attri bution License, which permits use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

Cited by 27 publications

References 100 publications

Why vaccines fail against Piscirickettsiosis in farmed salmon and trout and how to avoid it: A review

Why vaccines fail against Piscirickettsiosis in farmed salmon and trout and how to avoid it: A review

Assessing the Activity of Antimicrobial Peptides Against Common Marine Bacteria Located in Rotifer (Brachionus plicatilis) Cultures

Understanding antimicrobial peptides and combatting antimicrobial resistance problems

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