Authentication of the Ancient Easel / Paintings Through Materials Identification from the Polychrome Layers II. Analysis by Means of the FT-IR Spectrophotometry

Abstract

This is the second paper belonging to a study concerning the authentication of ancient easel-paintings, on canvas and wood support, from private and public collections, by using the FT-IR spectrophotometry technique for the analysis of the painting materials. Different pigments, egg binders, caseins and animal glue, often found in ancient easel-paintings on wood or canvas, have been used as standards for establishing the ageing rate of the paintings by correlation with the dates presented in the first note. The determination of the degradation rate of the painting materials is an important archaeometric characteristic used in authentication.

An innovative, interdisciplinary, and multi-technique study of gilding and painting techniques in the decoration of the main altarpiece of Miranda do Douro Cathedral (XVII-XVIIIthcenturies, Portugal)

“…A fluorescent stain, Sypro Ruby (Sandu et al, 2013), was applied on some cross-sections for mapping the proteinaceous binders in the ground, bole layer and (Sandu et al, 2006(Sandu et al, , 2008. The procedure is easy to apply (1 drop is applied directly on the crosssection surface using a Pasteur pipette) and has a very good detection limit (nanogram order), being preferred to other stains commonly used in the conservation field for protein detection and mapping.…”

Archaeometric and Chemometric Studies Involved in the Authentication of Old Heritage Artefacts II. Old linden and poplar wood put into work

“…It should be emphasized that authenticity depends on how the object is defined and can be understood differently, depending on the context. To be authentic, an object must be intact, as it was created, or as a result of the passage of time [6][7][8][9].…”

“…The first ones, along with the originality of the material and the technology of putting it into practice, are references to other types of authenticity, which, together with paternity, value share, ranking, and age form the group of patrimonial elements or patrimonial features, that characterize and differentiate an object. Also, the traces of time passage, historical wear and use, are part of the historical stratification, translated by the patina and fix the object in time and space, making it unique [4][5][6][7][8][9].…”

“…Authentication expertise through their implications, either in the field of valuation of cultural-artistic heritage assets (artometry or artefactometry) and technical-* email: viorica_18v@yahoo.com; ion.sandu@uaic.ro scientific (technometry and scientometry), either as a means of proof or evidence in forensic (graphometry, bibliometry, traceometry, amprento-or dactilometry, somatometry, biometry/anthropometry and others) require interdisciplinary knowledge [8,9].…”

Forensic Expertise of the Paper Support of Counterfeit Documents

“…An important role is held by the physico-chemical expertise of the documents with counterfeit elements or entirely falsified, which allows proof of guilt and identification of the perpetrator. The physico-chemical examination of counterfeit documents has a very important role in proving the guilt and whereabouts of the perpetrator [3,[6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13].…”