Authentication of recycled plastic content in water bottles using volatile fingerprint and chemometrics

Peñalver, Rosa; Marín, Cristina López; Arroyo‐Manzanares, Natalia; Campillo, Natalia; Viñas, Pilar

doi:10.1016/j.chemosphere.2022.134156

Cited by 18 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…These two methods also extract a significant amount of benzene and its derivatives, with concentrations ranging from 8.86% to 27.42%. These compounds are highly toxic, such as 2,4‐ditert‐butylphenol, a common toxic secondary metabolite produced by organisms and found in various plants, fungi and bacteria (Peñalver et al ., 2023).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparative analysis of volatile components of fresh and dried Tuber indicum truffles with different extraction methods

Ma,

Feng,

Zhou

et al. 2023

Int J of Food Sci Tech

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SummaryTuber indicum Cook&Massee (T. indicum) is mainly distributed in China, and it is also the truffle species with the largest yield China. Investigation and utilisation of its volatile components is still limited. By using headspace solid‐phase microextraction (HS‐SPME) and gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC–MS), the volatile components of fresh and dried T. indicum were compared in this study. It was found that after hot‐air drying of T. indicum, 73 components were retained in the truffles, and the remaining components changed during the drying process. The relative contents of alcohols and aldehydes in the dried truffles decreased by approximately 40% and 83%, respectively, while the relative contents of acids and esters increased by approximately 14 times and 5.5 times respectively. The drying process severely disrupts the flavour of the truffles. In advance, three extraction methods (steam distillation, Soxhlet extraction and supercritical CO2 fluid extraction [CO2‐SFE]) were performed on dried and fresh T. indicum, and their volatile components were compared. The results indicated that the alkanes extracted from fresh and dried truffles by steam distillation and Soxhlet extraction accounted for 30%–48%, while a richer variety of compounds were extracted from the two truffles by CO2‐SFE, with acids, esters and alcohols together amounting to approximately 70% in quantity, and they exceeded 95% in relative content. A richer variety of volatile compounds was extracted, and more fatty acids which yielded greasy, creamy, sweet and mushroomy aromas were enriched by CO2‐SFE compared to steam distillation and Soxhlet extraction. Therefore, CO2‐SFE extraction is a suitable method for extracting volatile components from T. indicum.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparative analysis of volatile components of fresh and dried Tuber indicum truffles with different extraction methods

Ma,

Feng,

Zhou

et al. 2023

Int J of Food Sci Tech

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“…The contamination found in that region is a serious problem, due to dermal and skin exposure, because rainwater is also a source of drinking water. The work of Peñalver et al is also interesting [60], elaborating data from GC-MS by PLS and orthogonal-PLS (OPLS), to quantify VOCs in plastic samples, with the aim of using their concentrations for the quantification of recycled polyethylene terephthalate in plastic samples (Figure 2). Such VOCs may indeed either be produced by the recycling process or be residues of the previous use of plastic material.…”

Section: Gas Chromatography (Gc) and Chemometricsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Extracting Information and Enhancing the Quality of Separation Data: A Review on Chemometrics-Assisted Analysis of Volatile, Soluble and Colloidal Samples

et al. 2023

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Instrument automation, technological advancements and improved computational power made separation science an extremely data-rich approach, requiring the use of statistical and data analysis tools that are able to optimize processes and combine multiple outputs. The use of chemometrics is growing, greatly improving the ability to extract meaningful information. Separation–multidetection generates multidimensional data, whose elaboration should not be left to the discretion of the operator. However, some applications or techniques still suffer from the lack of method optimization through DoE and downstream multivariate analysis, limiting their potential. This review aims at summarizing how chemometrics can assist analytical chemists in terms of data elaboration and method design, focusing on what can be achieved by applying chemometric approaches to separation science. Recent applications of chemometrics in separation analyses, in particular in gas, liquid and size-exclusion chromatography, together with field flow fractionation, will be detailed to visualize the state of the art of separation chemometrics, encompassing volatile, soluble and solid (colloidal) analytes. The samples considered will range from food chemistry and environmental chemistry to bio/pharmaceutical science.

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“…Another important problem to be faced is the quantification of r-PET into new manufactured goods. Besides the problem of migration of chemical residuals from r-PET into the food, there is also an economic aspect that influences r-PET, real or pretend: r-PET generally has a lower cost than the virgin material [21], and, at the same time, some countries economically encourage the use of r-PET, leading to scarce transparency in the declared composition mix of the final composite. Some studies have already dealt with this issue by studying, in particular, PET and polyethylene by gas-chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry (GC-MS) [21,22] and polypropylene by near-infrared (NIR) spectroscopy [23].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Quantification of Recycled PET in Commercial Bottles by IR Spectroscopy and Chemometrics

Zappi,

Biancolillo,

Kassouf

et al. 2024

Analytica

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A novel approach for the quantification of recycled polyethylene terephthalate (r-PET) in commercial bottles is presented. Fifty-eight bottle samples from several brands and producers containing different percentages of r-PET were purchased from the market. Samples were analyzed by two spectroscopic methods: near-infrared (NIR) spectroscopy and attenuated total reflection (ATR) spectroscopy in the mid-infrared (MIR) region. No chemical pre-treatment was applied before analyses. The spectra were analyzed by partial-least squares (PLS) regression, and two models for NIR and MIR data were computed. Then, a multi-block regression was applied to join the two datasets. All models were validated by cross-validation and by excluding and projecting onto the model the replicated spectra of one sample at a time. Results demonstrated the potential of this approach, especially considering the variability of commercial samples in terms of additives, shape, or thickness of the bottles: for samples close to the centroids of the models (i.e., from 10 to 50% r-PET), the predictions of multi-block method seldom departed from the expected values of ±10%. Only for samples with 0% declared r-PET, the models showed poor prediction abilities.

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Authentication of recycled plastic content in water bottles using volatile fingerprint and chemometrics

Cited by 18 publications

References 27 publications

Comparative analysis of volatile components of fresh and dried Tuber indicum truffles with different extraction methods

Comparative analysis of volatile components of fresh and dried Tuber indicum truffles with different extraction methods

Extracting Information and Enhancing the Quality of Separation Data: A Review on Chemometrics-Assisted Analysis of Volatile, Soluble and Colloidal Samples

Quantification of Recycled PET in Commercial Bottles by IR Spectroscopy and Chemometrics

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