Attributional complexity of monoculturals and biculturals: Implications for cross-cultural competence

The influence of cross-cultural stable and dynamic competencies on expatriate adaptation and outcomes: the case of Taiwan

“…In addition, cross-cultural stable competencies are crucial for acquiring dynamic competencies (Leiba-O'Sullivan, 1999). Many previous studies have concluded that cross-cultural competencies improve an individual's success in the international environment (Bartel-Radic and Giannelloni, 2017;Johnson et al, 2006;Lakshman et al, 2021;Leiba-O'Sullivan, 1999;Liao et al, 2021;Wu and Bodigerel-Koehler, 2013). Moreover, researchers agree that cross-cultural competencies help expatriates effectively manage themselves, their interpersonal relationships and their business demands in various cultural environments (Caligiuri et al, 2018).…”

“…Many previous studies have concluded that cross-cultural competencies improve an individual's success in the international environment (Bartel-Radic and Giannelloni, 2017; Johnson et al. , 2006; Lakshman et al. , 2021; Leiba-O'Sullivan, 1999; Liao et al.…”

“…Approximately 80% of mid-size and large enterprises have been sending professionals abroad, and the remainder has plans to increase The influence of crosscultural competencies 747 the number of expatriates and overseas missions (Lee and Sukoco, 2010;Liao et al, 2021). According to Lakshman et al (2021), the World Investment Report (2019) found more than 100,000 multinational corporations with approximately one million affiliates worldwide. Despite the sustained growth of international assignments and the need to employ expatriates, Wang et al (2017) have shown that the global business environment faces new challenges due to increased uncertainty and complexity.…”

“…, 2021). According to Lakshman et al. (2021), the World Investment Report (2019) found more than 100,000 multinational corporations with approximately one million affiliates worldwide.…”

Cultural Diversity in Top Management Teams – Review and Agenda for Future Research

“…Given the multifaceted nature of TMT cultural diversity, future studies could also explore its other aspects, taking into consideration TMT members' sense of identity with their national culture, citizenship, or birthplace. The assumption that citizenship or place of birth constitutes a core cultural environment of individuals may be increasingly tenuous in today's global society where biculturalism or multiculturalism is becoming more common (Lakshman, Bacouël-Jentjens, & Kraak, 2021;Zander, Mockaitis, & Butler, 2012), especially among high-ranking business professionals-for example, in the form of multiple ancestries, growing up in multicultural environments, and holding multiple citizenships (Balachandran, Wennberg, & Uman, 2019). Future research on TMT cultural diversity may thus consider alternative dimensions of cultural diversity more closely tied to an executive's personal identity, such as mother tongue or language (Alesina & La Ferrara, 2005;Harzing & Pudelko, 2013;Tenzer, Pudelko, & Zellmer-Bruhn, 2021).…”