Attributes, Environment Factors and Women Entrepreneurial Activity: A Literature Review

Abstract

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to examine the effect of individual attributes and business environment factors on the entrepreneurial activity of women entrepreneurs. Individual attributes such as education, working experience, attitude towards risk-taking, affect women entrepreneurial activity. Economic constraints such as lack of credit due to lack of asset collaterals and socio-cultural barriers, lack of savings due to low household income, and lack of labour skills due to low educational level also affect women entrepreneurial activity. The effect of these factors on entrepreneurial activity is worth studying because entrepreneurship development is considered a vital link to an overall economic growth of a nation through its positive impact on economic development especially at the grassroots. However, limited studies have reviewed literatures on individual attributes and business environment factors on the entrepreneurial activity of women entrepreneurs. This is the focus of this study.<br />Methodology: The paper is a descriptive study that reviews literature on individual attributes and environment factors on women entrepreneurial activity.<br />Conclusion: The paper concludes that environment factors exert much more influence on women entrepreneurial activity than individual attributes.<br />Research limitation: The paper is limited to a literature review that may need further research by using a framework to investigate the factors on entrepreneurial activity.<br />Practical implication: It shows the need for the government to support entrepreneurs through adequate provision of micro-finance.<br />Originality: The study is a new way to look at crucial factors affecting entrepreneurial activity in a country. <br />Paper type: This is a research paper

Moderating role of entrepreneurial orientation on the relationship between entrepreneurial skills, environmental factors and entrepreneurial intention: A PLS approach

“…Hence, H2 also supported. The result of H2 is congruent with previous studies (Geissler et al, 2012;Indarti et al, 2010;Kuzilwa, 2005;Maina, 2011;Mat & Razak, 2011;Román et al, 2013;Shastri & Sinha, 2010;Uddin & Bose, 2012). Additionally, the study found a significant and positive relation between entrepreneurial orientation and entrepreneurial intention (ß = 0.36; t = 5.620; p = 0.00) revealing strong support for H3.…”

“…Furthermore, authors have fully established that new venture only becomes possible as a result of the interaction that exists between environmental factors, personal characteristics and entrepreneurial behavior (Bird, 1988;Greenberg & Sexton, 1988;Stevenson & Jarillo, 1990;Suresh & Ramraj, 2012). In essence, Studies have empirically proved that environmental factors affect entrepreneurial process, thus the existence differences in terms of creation of new business, survival and growth (Geissler et al, 2012;Indarti et al, 2010;Kuzilwa, 2005;Maina, 2011;Mat & Razak, 2011;Román, Congregado, & Millán, 2013;Shastri & Sinha, 2010;Uddin & Bose, 2012). We therefore, hypothesized that: H2: Environmental factors will be positively related to entrepreneurial intention.…”

“…Also, Shane and Venkataraman (2000) posit that understanding factors that influence one to engage in entrepreneurship are vital research questions need to be answered by entrepreneurship studies. Additionally, studies have identified paucity of research on both individual, entrepreneurial skill and environmental factors in alignment to entrepreneurship intention (Kuzilwa, 2005;Mat & Razak, 2011;Morales & Feldman, 2013). Therefore, the present study will investigate the factors that affect student's intention toward engaging entrepreneurial activities.…”

The Moderating Effect of Self-Motivation on the Relationship between Parent’s Socio-Economic Background and Children’s Academic Performance at Nigerian Universities

“…On the other hand, Udida et al (2012) found that children from rich homes record poor academic performance in schools. Generally, this study supported previous studies in the field (Ekpe et al, 2011;Eweniyi, 2005;Azhar et al, 2013). Specifically, the study has made a striking and novel discovery that student's self-motivation (hard work) and rich parental socio-economic background are needed to achieve academic success; though self-motivation appears to be a more critical success factor.…”

Socio-Political Influence and Youth’s Leadership Participation in Malaysia: A Conceptual Model Extending TPB

“…Perceived behavioral control (PBC) or locus of control signifies a person's personality trait such as self-efficacy, self-confidence or beliefs. However, this study argues in line with previous studies (Ekpe et al, 2011;Shastri & Sinha, 2010;Vob & Muller, 2009) that, though someone may have positive self-confidence towards a behavior, an environment could hinder such a behavior. Aggregate of these factors could predict intention (I) and actual behavior (AB) (Ajzen, 1991).…”