Attributable risk of Capillaria species in domestic pigeons (Columba livia domestica)

Abstract

Fecal samples were collected from 120 domestic pigeons to determine the Attributable risk of Capillaria spp. The Capillaria spp. was observed in 64 out of 120 (51%) pigeons (70 males and 50 females) under this study. A total of 64 (39 males and 25 females) were found naturally infected with Capillaria spp. with infection percentage of 51% and 50% in males and females respectively. Qualitative examinations include the direct microscopy and faecal floatation while quantitative examination includes McMaster technique (worms load was calculated per gram of the faeces). Month wise Attributable risk showed that eggs of the worms were found to be abundant in the month of July during the present study (60% to 73%) because of high humidity. Very high and very low temperature is not suitable for the proper development of the eggs. Qualitative and quantitative examination revealed that Capillaria spp. was more prevalent in males (51%) than females (50%) but overall there was no significant difference (P>0.05) in the male and female because both individuals invest equal amount of energy in search of food and incubating the eggs. Different breeds of pigeons gave different Attributable risk in different months during the study. Groups of pigeons from different locations showed different variable Attributable risk. Areas with high humidity were more suitable for the development of eggs, which is the reason why higher Attributable risk was observed in Shahdara (75%) area of Lahore, Pakistan.Keywords: Attributable risk, Capillaria species, pigeons, Pakistan RESUMO Amostras de fezes foram coletadas de 120 pombos domésticos para determinar os fatores de risco de Capillaria spp. Capillaria spp. foi observado em 64 de 120 (51%) pombos (70 machos e 50 fêmeas) neste estudo. Um total de 64 (39 machos e 25 fêmeas) foram naturalmente infectados com Capillaria spp. sendo 51% em machos e 50% em fêmeas. Exames qualitativos incluem microscopia direta e suspensão de fezes, e exames quantitativos incluem a técnica McMaster (vermes são calculados por grama de fezes). O risco por mês demonstrou que ovos dos vermes foram encontrados em abundância no mês de

Prevalence and diversity of intestinal parasites in household and temple pigeons (Columba livia) in central Nepal

“…5.8%). Similar to our results, these threadworms were also dominantly reported from pigeons around the various geographies; Nepal (31.67%) (Gurung, 2016), India (17.4%) (Sivajothi & Sudhakara, 2015), Pakistan (51%-73.33%) (Baber et al, 2020;Qamar et al, 2017) and Turkey (19.9%) (Sari et al, 2008). Similarly, Ascaridia sp.…”

“…Intestinal infection, caused by various protozoans and helminths, represents one of the significant health concerns in pigeons around the globe (Abdullahi et al., 2019; Bahrami et al., 2013; Harlin & Wade, 2009; Yousafzai et al., 2021). For instance, high morbidity and mortality followed by coccidiosis (Balicka‐Ramisz & Pilarczyk, 2014; Balicka‐Ramisz et al., 2021; Hunt & O'Grady, 1976; Rodriguez et al., 1997), capillariasis (Muthusami & Gopinath, 2017; Parsani et al., 2014; Pees, 2008; Qamar et al., 2017; Rodriguez et al., 1997), ascariasis (Abdel Rahman et al., 2019; Parsani et al., 2014; Radfar et al., 2012) and echinostomiasis (Ledwoń et al., 2016) in the pigeons have been reported from different landscapes. In addition, infection by parasites has been followed by a secondary infection in the pigeons, indicating its critical role in the consequences on health (Harlin & Wade, 2009).…”

Incidence of gastrointestinal parasites in pigeons with an assessment of the nematocidal activity of chitosan nanoparticles against Ascaridia columbae

“…The severe emaciation associated with gastrointestinal parasitism may contribute to the worm burrowing deep in the intestinal mucosa, resulting in epithelial necrosis, inflammation, and hemorrhage ( Qamar et al, 2017 ). Also, endoparasites dilate the intestine; produce nodules and severe enteritis, thus impairing the absorbing power of the intestine for nutrients and vitamins from the host ( Anwar et al, 2000 ).…”

“…These gastrointestinal parasites produce a variety of clinical signs and postmortem lesions as; depression, diarrhea, loss of condition, drop in egg production, nervous signs, ruffled feathers, anorexia, different degrees of enteritis with nodular formation, intestinal impaction, and liver lesions ( Qamar et al, 2017 ). In addition, a gastrointestinal parasite in pigeons resulted in a significant elevation in Nitric oxide and MDA levels and reduced serum zinc.…”

Prevalence of major nematodes and human factors that affect infection in the zebra dove in a closed cage system

“…were not detected in the feces samples. This was most likely due to the season, the low sensitivity of the diagnostic test, and the low parasitic population [ 41 - 43 ].…”