Attosecond Probe of Valence-Electron Wave Packets by Subcycle Sculpted Laser Fields

Xie, Xinhua; Roither, Stefan; Kartashov, Daniil; Persson, Emil; Arbó, D. G.; Zhang, Li; Gräfe, Stefanie; Schöffler, M. S.; Burgdörfer, Joachim; Baltuška, Andrius; Kitzler, Markus

doi:10.1103/physrevlett.108.193004

Cited by 147 publications

(125 citation statements)

References 26 publications

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“…Additionally, two-color excited approach, which eliminates the necessary of introducing alkali metal, keeps the sample in its original status throughout the PEEM experiment and is superior in terms of the reusability of the sample for a further characterization or potential applications. The two-color femtosecond laser excitation photoemission together with ultra high spatial-temporal resolved PEEM can be applied, not limited to the area of plasmonic field PEEM imaging, to the investigation of above-threshold photoemission [47,54] and hot-carrier dynamics [2,3,55,56], to the control of interference fringes in the momentum distribution of electron emission [57], and further to many other potential applications [51,[58][59][60].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Two-color multiphoton emission for comprehensive reveal of ultrafast plasmonic field distribution

Song

Dou

et al. 2018

New J. Phys.

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We experimentally demonstrate comprehensive reveal of the ultrafast plasmonic field distribution in a bowtie nanostructure by two-color photoemission electron microscopy (PEEM). We attribute the comprehensive reveal of the field distribution to an effective opening of the two-color quantum channel in multiphoton photoemission, which leads to a dramatic reduction of the nonlinear order (from 4.07 down to 2.01) of the plasmon-assisted photoelectrons and a huge increment of the photoemission yields (typically 20-fold enhancement). Furthermore, we have found that opening extent of the quantum channel strongly related with the photoemission yields generated from onecolor 400 and 800 nm laser pulse illumination, and the optimized ratio between the yields for effective opening of two-color quantum channel in our experiment is also achieved. Additionally, benefiting from the high spatial resolution of PEEM, we found there exists a large difference in the nonlinear order of two-color photoemission under the plasmonic excitation within a nanostructure, which has not been reported yet. This work introduces multicolor quantum channel photoemission into the PEEM imaging and offers new way to flexibly control the nonlinear order of the plasmon-assisted photoemission, and it will enable PEEM as a versatile tool in many potential applications.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Two-color multiphoton emission for comprehensive reveal of ultrafast plasmonic field distribution

Song

Dou

et al. 2018

New J. Phys.

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“…The incident light polarization controls the relative phase of these near-fields, yielding constructive and destructive quantum interference of the subsequent interactions. Future implementations of such electron-light interferometers may provide access to optically phase-resolved electronic dynamics and dephasing mechanisms with attosecond precision.A central objective of attosecond science is the optical control over electron motion in and near atoms, molecules and solids, leading to the generation of attosecond light pulses or the study of static and dynamic properties of bound electronic wavefunctions [8][9][10][11] . One of the most elementary forms of optical control is the dressing of free-electron states in a periodic field 12,13 , which is observed, for example, in two-colour ionization 14,15 , free-free transitions near atoms 12,16 , and in photoemission from surfaces [17][18][19][20] .…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Ramsey-type phase control of free-electron beams

et al. 2016

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Interference between multiple distinct paths is a defining property of quantum physics, 1 where "paths" may involve actual physical trajectories, as in interferometry, 2 or transitions between different internal (e.g. spin) states, 3 or both. 4 A hallmark of quantum coherent evolution is the possibility to interact with a system multiple times in a phasepreserving manner. This principle underpins powerful multi-dimensional optical 5 and nuclear magnetic resonance 3 spectroscopies and related techniques, including Ramsey's method of separated oscillatory fields 6 used in atomic clocks. Previously established for atomic, molecular and quantum dot systems, 7 recent developments in the optical quantum state preparation of free electron beams 8 suggest a transfer of such concepts to the realm of ultrafast electron imaging and spectroscopy.Here, we demonstrate the sequential coherent interaction of free electron states with two spatially separated, phase-controlled optical near-fields. Ultrashort electron pulses are acted upon in a tailored nanostructure featuring two near-field regions with anisotropic polarization response. The amplitude and relative phase of these two near-fields are independently controlled by the incident polarization state, allowing for constructive and destructive quantum interference of the subsequent interactions. Future implementations of such electron-light interferometers may yield unprecedented access to optically phase-resolved electronic dynamics and dephasing mechanisms with attosecond precision.A central objective of attosecond science is the optical control over electron motion in and near atoms, molecules and solids, leading to the generation of attosecond light pulses or the study of static and dynamic properties of bound electronic wavefunctions. 9-13 One of the most elementary forms of optical control is the dressing of free electron states in a periodic field, 14,15 which is observed, for example, in two-color ionization, 16,17 free-free transitions near atoms, 14,18 and in photoemission from surfaces. [19][20][21] Similarly, beams of free electrons can be manipulated by the interaction with standing waves 22,23 or optical near-fields. [24][25][26][27]8 In this process, field localization at nanostructures facilitates the exchange of energy and momentum between free electrons and light. In the past few years, inelastic electron-light scattering 25,26,28 found application in so-called "photon-induced near-field electron microscopy" or PINEM, 24,29,30,8 the characterization of ultrashort electron pulses, 26,27,30 or in work towards optically-driven electron accelerators. 32,33 Very recently, the quantum coherence of such interactions was demonstrated by observing multilevel Rabi-oscillations in the electron populations of the comb of photon sidebands. 8,25 Access to these quantum features, gained by nanoscopic electron sources of high spatial coherence, 34,35 opens up a wide range of possibilities in coherent manipulations, control schemes and interferometry with free electron stat...

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“…Theoretical analysis using the timedependent Schrödinger equation (TDSE) also confirmed the QO model [21,22]. Despite strong interest in the subject, only few investigations of the accompanying photoelectrons have been reported for two-color ionization in fields with orthogonal polarization [23,24], compared to fields with parallel polarization [25][26][27][28][29][30][31][32].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 74%

Analysis of electron trajectories with two-color strong-field ionization

Henkel

Lein

2015

Phys. Rev. A

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Two-color ionization of atoms with a strong 800-nm fundamental component and a weak 400-nm component with perpendicular polarization gives detailed insight into the ionization dynamics. When the delay between the two colors is varied on a subcycle scale, the slow-electron signal shows an oscillatory structure due to intracycle interference between different ionization times. Using a trajectory-based interference model, we extract the relative strength of the two contributing pathways. Ionization times can be read directly from the delay scan, and the times for the long trajectories agree well with the quantum-orbit model. The fast electrons arise predominantly from long rescattering trajectories.

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Attosecond Probe of Valence-Electron Wave Packets by Subcycle Sculpted Laser Fields

Cited by 147 publications

References 26 publications

Two-color multiphoton emission for comprehensive reveal of ultrafast plasmonic field distribution

Two-color multiphoton emission for comprehensive reveal of ultrafast plasmonic field distribution

Ramsey-type phase control of free-electron beams

Analysis of electron trajectories with two-color strong-field ionization

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