Attenuation of the Jasmonate Burst, Plant Defensive Traits, and Resistance to Specialist Monarch Caterpillars on Shaded Common Milkweed (Asclepias syriaca)

Agrawal, Anurag A.; Kearney, Emily E.; Hastings, Amy P.; Ramsey, Trey E.

doi:10.1007/s10886-012-0145-3

Cited by 60 publications

(59 citation statements)

References 35 publications

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“…Indeed, D. plexippus appears to be quite sensitive to prior damage, as damage by various chewing herbivores has been repeatedly shown to substantially decrease the growth of larvae feeding later on the same host plants (Van Zandt & Agrawal ,b; Agrawal ; Rasmann, Johnson & Agrawal ; Agrawal et al . ). Initial above‐ and below‐ground herbivory did not impact subsequent damage by several other species we surveyed (i.e.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Above‐ground herbivory by red milkweed beetles facilitates above‐ and below‐ground conspecific insects and reduces fruit production in common milkweed

et al. 2014

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Summary 1.Initial herbivory and induced plant responses can influence subsequent above-and below-ground herbivore attack. When two life stages of the same herbivore damage different plant parts sequentially, there is strong potential for plants to respond with induced plant defence against the later attacker. Alternatively, the earlier attacker could manipulate the host plant to facilitate the later-feeding life stage. 2. We studied herbivory by foliage-feeding adults and root-feeding larvae of the red milkweed beetle (Tetraopes tetraophthalmus) on native common milkweed (Asclepias syriaca) in laboratory and field experiments. We applied factorial above-and below-ground herbivory treatments to test for induced responses, effects on later-feeding conspecific larvae, and damage by naturally colonizing herbivores, including adult T. tetraophthalmus. 3. We found that the inducibility of toxic cardenolides was systemic across the root-shoot barrier, with the highest concentrations in plants damaged both above-and below-ground. Initial aboveground herbivory increased root damage and larval survival, suggesting an increase in root quality following leaf herbivory. Initial below-ground herbivory did not affect the performance of later-feeding larvae, indicating limited importance of induced root cardenolides and competition between clutches of T. tetraophthalmus. 4. In a natural milkweed population, initial above-ground herbivory attracted conspecific adults and milkweed leaf beetles (Labidomera clivicollis) and ultimately reduced fruit production by 33%. Nonetheless, the probability of damage by monarch caterpillars (Danaus plexippus) was reduced on plants initially damaged by T. tetraophthalmus above-ground, likely due to reduced oviposition following induced plant responses. 5. Synthesis. Induced plant responses of common milkweed to above-ground damage by adult T. tetraophthalmus both facilitate further damage by adults and enhance the performance of their root-feeding larvae, most likely as a result of host plant manipulation. Although the same induction reduced monarch herbivory, the net effect of these interactions was negative for the plant as fruit production was substantially reduced. These results imply that host plant manipulation may be especially common by specialist herbivores that have sequential above-and below-ground life stages.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Above‐ground herbivory by red milkweed beetles facilitates above‐ and below‐ground conspecific insects and reduces fruit production in common milkweed

et al. 2014

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“…In my own work on shade avoidance, plants often become less resistant to herbivores when shaded, but plants in shade tend to receive less herbivory than plants in the sun (Agrawal et al 2012b). However, is this plant unlikely to be attacked by a different species Y, or unlikely to face new competitive challenges from neighbors if attacked by X?…”

Section: Trade-offs In Phenotypic Plasticitymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Phenotypic (individuals), genetic (family means), and population mean correlations are all for Asclepias syriaca, whereas species correlations are for 23 Asclepias species. All within-species data presented here are from the common milkweed (A. syriaca), with data assembled from Agrawal et al (2012b) for field-sampled phenotypic correlations, and Agrawal et al (2015) for population samples grown in a common environment. 101,No.…”

Section: Leaf Economics and Defense In The Milkweedsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Do trait correlations hold when expressed through plasticity or local adaptation along different environmental axes (e.g., abiotic vs. biotic stress gradients) or spatial scales ( (Agrawal et al 2012b). Are across-species relationships fundamentally different than within-species relationships because of reproductive isolation?…”

Section: Leaf Economics and Defense In The Milkweedsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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A scale‐dependent framework for trade‐offs, syndromes, and specialization in organismal biology

Agrawal

2020

Ecology

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Citation: Agrawal, A. A. 2020. A scale-dependent framework for trade-offs, syndromes, and specialization in organismal biology. Ecology 101(2):Abstract. Biodiversity is defined by trait differences between organisms, and biologists have long sought to predict associations among ecologically important traits. Why do some traits trade off but others are coexpressed? Why might some trait associations hold across levels of organization, from individuals and genotypes to populations and species, whereas others only occur at one level? Understanding such scaling is a core biological problem, bearing on the evolution of ecological strategies as well as forecasting responses to environmental change. Explicitly considering the hierarchy of biodiversity and expectations at each scale (individual change, evolution within and among populations, and species turnover) is necessary as we work toward a predictive framework in evolutionary ecology. Within species, a trait may have an association with another trait because of phenotypic plasticity, genetic correlation, or population-level local adaptation. Plastic responses are often adaptive and yet individuals have a fixed pool of resources; thus, positive and negative trait associations can be generated by immediate environmental needs and energetic demands. Genetic variation and covariation for traits within a population are typically shaped by varying natural selection in space and time. Although genetic correlations are infrequently long-term constraints, they may indicate competing organismal demands. Traits are often quantitatively differentiated among populations (local Manuscript adaptation), although selection rarely favors qualitatively different strategies until populations become reproductively isolated. Across species, niche specialization to particular habitats or biotic interactions may determine trait correlations, a subset of which are termed "strategic trade-offs" because they are a consequence of adaptive specialization. Across scales, constraints within species often do not apply as new species evolve, and conversely, trait correlations observed across populations or species may not be reflected within populations. I give examples of such scale-dependent trait associations and their causes across taxonomic groups and ecosystems, and in the final section of the paper, I specifically evaluate leaf economics spectrum traits and their associations with plant defense against herbivory. Scale-dependent predictions emerge for understanding plant ecology holistically, and this approach can be fruitfully applied more generally in evolutionary ecology. Adaptive specialization and community context are two of the primary drivers of trade-offs and syndromes across biological scales.

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“…Increases in farred radiation, relative to the red portion of sunlight (620-750nm), can be used by many plants as an indicator of competition or impending shade (Ballaré 1999(Ballaré , 2014. Exposure to such light ratios has been shown to promote competitive behaviors in some species, which coincide with reduced resource allocation to defensive traits (Moreno et al 2009;Rasmann et al 2009;Agrawal et al 2012). …”

Section: Observed Higher Pollination Rates Inmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Ecology of Extrafloral Nectar in Senna mexicana var. chapmanii

Jones¹

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Attenuation of the Jasmonate Burst, Plant Defensive Traits, and Resistance to Specialist Monarch Caterpillars on Shaded Common Milkweed (Asclepias syriaca)

Cited by 60 publications

References 35 publications

Above‐ground herbivory by red milkweed beetles facilitates above‐ and below‐ground conspecific insects and reduces fruit production in common milkweed

Above‐ground herbivory by red milkweed beetles facilitates above‐ and below‐ground conspecific insects and reduces fruit production in common milkweed

A scale‐dependent framework for trade‐offs, syndromes, and specialization in organismal biology

The Ecology of Extrafloral Nectar in Senna mexicana var. chapmanii

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