Attenuation of oxidative stress by Allylpyrocatechol in synovial cellular infiltrate of patients with Rheumatoid Arthritis

Abstract

Free radicals are involved in the pathogenesis of Rheumatoid arthritis, a systemic autoimmune disorder characterized by unchecked synovial inflammation. Allylpyrocatechol, a phytoconstituent of Piper betle leaves, has potent anti-inflammatory activity and this study evaluated its anti-oxidant effect on the synovial infiltrate of patients with Rheumatoid arthritis. The ex vivo effect of allylpyrocatechol upon generation of reactive oxygen species in neutrophils, macrophages and lymphocytes was measured by flow cytometry using dichlorodihydrofluorescein diacetate, wherein it significantly decreased basal levels as also scavenged phorbol myristate acetate generated reactive oxygen species. Furthermore, its effect on generation of superoxide and hydroxyl radicals produced within infiltrated neutrophils was measured by cytochrome c and deoxyribose assay, respectively. Allylpyrocatechol significantly scavenged superoxide and hydroxyl radicals in infiltrated neutrophils. The effect of allylpyrocatechol on nitric oxide was measured in macrophages using 4,5-diaminofluorescein diacetate by flow cytometry wherein it decreased production of nitric oxide in infiltrated macrophages, which correlated with its in vitro nitric oxide scavenging activity. Taken together, this ex vivo study has established that allylpyrocatechol has potent scavenging activity and could be considered as an add-on therapy in the treatment of inflammation-associated disorders like Rheumatoid Arthritis.

Scavenging Activity, Anti-Inflammatory and Diabetes Related Enzyme Inhibition Properties of Leaves Extract from some Varieties of <i>Phoenyx dactylifera l.</i>

“…Different therapeutic approaches can be used to decrease the oxidative stress including scavenging of free radicals. Inhibition of these radicals produces enzymes and enchains antioxidant system by targeting the signalling routes [45]. Many synthetic drugs protect against oxidative damage but they have adverse side effects.…”

Free radical biology in cellular inflammation related to rheumatoid arthritis

“…They contribute to a chemical signalling language that regulates development, tissue repair, haemopoiesis, inflammation and the specific and non-specific immune responses 28 . Rheumatoid Arthritis (RA) is a systemic autoimmune disorder that primarily targets the synovium of diarthrodial joints resulting in an unchecked synovial inflammation that leads to erosions of periarticular surfaces and juxtaarticular osteopenia 2 . Though the The proteins are other main targets for free radicals attack.…”

Scavenging activity of Curcuma caesia rhizome against reactive oxygen and nitrogen species

“…Membrane bound NADPH oxidase reduce the molecular oxygen to produce the superoxide anions which intern converted to hydrogen peroxide and hydroxyl radical as well as hypochlorous acid by using different enzymatic reaction in our body (Kundu et al 2011).…”

“…The special feature of these agents is their high oxidative reactivity, creating a significant threat for redox-sensitive cellular components, primarily for proteins, lipids and nucleic acids. The natural systems like reduced glutathione, vitamins, free fatty acids (especially unsaturated) are considered as an essential pool of antioxidants (Kundu et al 2011). The RNS contains diverse nitrogen derivatives including N 2 O 3 , NO − , and highly toxic peroxynitrite, that all possess a strong oxidative capacity.…”