Attentional shift within and between faces: Evidence from children with and without a diagnosis of autism spectrum disorder

Valenza, Eloisa; Calignano, Giulia

doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0251475

Cited by 3 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 61 publications

(81 reference statements)

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“…Our results (Experiments 1 and 2) replicated the previous findings that faces elicit null or reversed OBA effects (Valenza et al, 2014 ; Xie et al, 2022 ) and further demonstrated that either race or the presence of the eyes was not critical for these results. Experiment 3 introduced a temporal lag between face offset and attentional shifting to avoid any potential attentional filtering cost due to the perceptual or social relevance of faces.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 90%

“…However, some studies have found no typical OBA effect in faces, which must be attributed to either shortened RTs in the between condition, the prolonged RTs in the within condition, or both. Valenza et al ( 2014 ) argued that the null OBA effect for faces may be due to the shortened RTs when moving attention between faces (Valenza & Calignano, 2021 ; Valenza et al, 2014 ). They proposed that the display of two faces in the visual field induces a larger attentional focus, leading to faster attentional shifts between faces.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In these studies, the two rectangles were replaced by two human faces and the OBA effect was measured by the difference between the within and between conditions. However, these studies encountered challenges in reliably demonstrating the OBA effect with human faces (e.g., Valenza & Calignano, 2021 ; Valenza et al, 2014 ; Xie et al, 2022 ; but see Hu et al, 2021 ; Song et al, 2021 ; Yan et al, 2022 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Faces do not guide attention in an object-based facilitation manner

Xie

Mento

2023

Atten Percept Psychophys

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Numerous studies on face processing have revealed their special ability to affect attention, but relatively little research has been done on how faces guide spatial attention allocation. To enrich this field, this study resorted to the object-based attention (OBA) effect in a modified double-rectangle paradigm where the rectangles were replaced with human faces and mosaic patterns (non-face objects). Experiment 1 replicated the typical OBA effect in the non-face objects, but this effect was absent in Asian and Caucasian faces. Experiment 2 removed the eye region from Asian faces, but still found no object-based facilitation in the faces without eyes. In Experiment 3, the OBA effect was also observed for faces when the faces disappear a short period before the responses. Overall, these results revealed that when two faces are presented together, they do not exert object-based facilitation regardless of their facial features such as race and the presence of eyes. We argue that the lack of a typical OBA effect is due to the filtering cost induced by the entire face content. This cost slows down the response when attention shifts within a face and results in the absence of object-based facilitation.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 90%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Faces do not guide attention in an object-based facilitation manner

Xie

Mento

2023

Atten Percept Psychophys

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“…The results showed that for adult participants, the OBA effect was only found in scrambled faces (i.e., non-face objects), not normal faces (both upright and inverted). The same finding was replicated in typically developing children (Valenza & Calignano, 2021 ). These results indicated that faces tend not to elicit the OBA effect like other objects.…”

Section: Can Faces Elicit Object-based Attention (Oba)?supporting

confidence: 57%

Can faces affect object-based attention? Evidence from online experiments

Xie

Mento

2022

Atten Percept Psychophys

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This study tested how human faces affect object-based attention (OBA) through two online experiments in a modified double-rectangle paradigm. The results of Experiment 1 revealed that faces did not elicit the OBA effect as non-face objects, which was caused by a longer response time (RT) when attention is focused on faces relative to non-face objects. In addition, by observing faster RTs when attention was engaged horizontally rather than vertically, we found a significant horizontal attention bias, which might override the OBA effect if vertical rectangles were the only items presented; these results were replicated in Experiment 2 (using only vertical rectangles) after directly measuring horizontal bias and excluding its influence on the OBA effect. This study suggested that faces cannot elicit the same-object advantage in the double-rectangle paradigm and provided a method to measure the OBA effect free from horizontal bias.

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“…This illusory movement perception should employ space-based attention, however, when the instruction was to compare features of the two stationary objects, object-based attention occurred (Zheng and Moore, 2021 ). Surprisingly, this well-established terminology is not in use in developmental psychology, with PsycInfo showing only one study that is using the concept of object-based vs. space-based attention in its abstract (Valenza and Calignano, 2021 ). This is the more astonishing because there is a clear transition in the graphic representations of children from object-based to space-based constructions (Lange-Küttner, 2008a , 2020 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The space paradox in graphic representation

Lange-Küttner

Chavez

2022

Front. Psychol.

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The negative space drawing technique refers to drawing the transparent space around and between objects, rather than drawing the objects themselves. This space-based instruction is thought to attenuate object-specific visual attention and to enhance perception of a spatial expanse. Developmentally, it is equivalent to the Piagetian dichotomic space concept of filled and empty space. A sample of 96 children from 5 to 12 years of age and 24 adults (N = 120) drew on a computer tablet a real-life model spacebox placed in front of the participant, with three cubes placed inside the model. Children followed two instructions, a Visual Realism (VR) Instruction “Please draw the three cubes and the box as you can see them” and a Negative Space (NSp) Instruction “Please draw the space around the objects,” with the sequence counterbalanced. NSp outline drawings began to show from 9 years onwards. A positive effect of the NSp technique showed for occlusion drawing because of the depiction of common contour of objects which could create a cohesive scene feature such as a horizon. The VR instruction focused attention toward the space box and enhanced 3D drawing of both the spacebox and the cubes. Thus, it could be concluded—rather paradoxically—that drawing in 3D is better based on object- than on space-based attention, while drawing occlusion is better based on space-based than object-based attention. We suggest, however, that a better definition of VR as attention to object appearances is that VR unifies objects and spatial context into one global plane.

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Attentional shift within and between faces: Evidence from children with and without a diagnosis of autism spectrum disorder

Cited by 3 publications

References 61 publications

Faces do not guide attention in an object-based facilitation manner

Faces do not guide attention in an object-based facilitation manner

Can faces affect object-based attention? Evidence from online experiments

The space paradox in graphic representation

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