Attentional Routes to Conscious Perception

Chica, Ana B.; Bartolomeo, Paolo

doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2012.00001

Cited by 382 publications

(604 citation statements)

References 138 publications

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“…Baumeister et al, 2003), self‐esteem was uncorrelated with belief in conspiracy theories (Table 1). Indeed, we note that the relationship between self‐esteem and belief in conspiracy theories does not replicate in all studies (Swami, 2012). Here, I speculate about two possible reasons why the relationship between self‐esteem and belief in conspiracy theories is not empirically robust.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 62%

Why Education Predicts Decreased Belief in Conspiracy Theories

Prooijen

2016

Applied Cognitive Psychology

349

260

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SummaryPeople with high education are less likely than people with low education to believe in conspiracy theories. It is yet unclear why these effects occur, however, as education predicts a range of cognitive, emotional, and social outcomes. The present research sought to identify mediators of the relationship between education and conspiracy beliefs. Results of Study 1 revealed three independent mediators of this relationship, namely, belief in simple solutions for complex problems, feelings of powerlessness, and subjective social class. A nationally representative sample (Study 2) replicated these findings except for subjective social class. Moreover, variations in analytic thinking statistically accounted for the path through belief in simple solutions. I conclude that the relationship between education and conspiracy beliefs cannot be reduced to a single mechanism but is the result of the complex interplay of multiple psychological factors that are associated with education. © 2016 The Authors. Applied Cognitive Psychology published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 62%

Why Education Predicts Decreased Belief in Conspiracy Theories

Prooijen

2016

Applied Cognitive Psychology

349

260

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“…Several studies have used various types of attention and consciousness, and the obtained results were different and sometimes opposite [1][2][3][4]. Both above terms refer to complex concepts, and this implies the importance of clarifying the definition of both concepts [5].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 97%

“…Hsu et al [21] stated that "voluntary and involuntary spatial attentions interact differently with awareness." While the classical view claims that strong evidence supports the existence of a link between spatial attention and consciousness, there is evidence that spatial attention can be deployed in the absence of conscious perception of the attended information [5]. It is crucial to note that all studies reviewed by Koch and Tsuchiya [18] searched endogenous (or top-down) forms of spatial attention and awareness.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…With these measures in place, a variety of methods has been used to manipulate attention (cueing, divided attention, etc.) and consciousness (masking, crowding, and binocular rivalry) [5].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…All procedures were in accordance with the ethical standards of the responsible Committees on human experimentation (institutional and national) and with the Helsinki Declaration of 1975, as revised in 2000 (5).…”

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confidence: 99%

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Dissociation Between Attention and Consciousness During a Novel Task: An ERP Study

2015

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While consciousness and attention seem to be tightly connected, recent evidence has suggested that one of these processes can be present in the absence of the other. Recent researches showed that observers can pay attention to an invisible (unconscious) stimulus, and that a stimulus can be clearly perceived (seen) in the absence of attention. We have proposed a novel psychophysical task to explore neural correlates of top-down attention and consciousness. The task is meant to confirm that these two processes can occur independently of each other. EEG was recorded during realizations of the task, and target-locked event-related potentials (ERPs) for masked and unmasked conditions were constructed. Time features corresponding to the P100, N150, and P300 components were extracted for each channel separately. Utilizing these features, we employed some common classifiers for classification of the fourfold state. Our task could separate attention and consciousness successfully through their neural correlates. The results indicate that some of the mentioned components changed when attention or consciousness occurs. By comparing difference waves in each condition separately, our results introduce new ERP correlates of attention and consciousness. We also revealed that parieto-occipital areas are the most relevant areas for dissociation between attention and consciousness. To our knowledge, this is the first time that these correlates are introduced in a separable mode, and the classification accuracies are reported for this purpose.

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Insight into the neurophysiological processes of melodically intoned language with functional MRI

et al. 2014

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BackgroundMelodic Intonation Therapy (MIT) uses the melodic elements of speech to improve language production in severe nonfluent aphasia. A crucial element of MIT is the melodically intoned auditory input: the patient listens to the therapist singing a target utterance. Such input of melodically intoned language facilitates production, whereas auditory input of spoken language does not.MethodsUsing a sparse sampling fMRI sequence, we examined the differential auditory processing of spoken and melodically intoned language. Nineteen right-handed healthy volunteers performed an auditory lexical decision task in an event related design consisting of spoken and melodically intoned meaningful and meaningless items. The control conditions consisted of neutral utterances, either melodically intoned or spoken.ResultsIrrespective of whether the items were normally spoken or melodically intoned, meaningful items showed greater activation in the supramarginal gyrus and inferior parietal lobule, predominantly in the left hemisphere. Melodically intoned language activated both temporal lobes rather symmetrically, as well as the right frontal lobe cortices, indicating that these regions are engaged in the acoustic complexity of melodically intoned stimuli. Compared to spoken language, melodically intoned language activated sensory motor regions and articulatory language networks in the left hemisphere, but only when meaningful language was used.DiscussionOur results suggest that the facilitatory effect of MIT may – in part – depend on an auditory input which combines melody and meaning.ConclusionCombined melody and meaning provide a sound basis for the further investigation of melodic language processing in aphasic patients, and eventually the neurophysiological processes underlying MIT.

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Attentional Routes to Conscious Perception

Cited by 382 publications

References 138 publications

Why Education Predicts Decreased Belief in Conspiracy Theories

Why Education Predicts Decreased Belief in Conspiracy Theories

Dissociation Between Attention and Consciousness During a Novel Task: An ERP Study

Insight into the neurophysiological processes of melodically intoned language with functional MRI

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