Attentional inhibition of visual processing in human striate and extrastriate cortex

Slotnick, Scott D.; Schwarzbach, Jens; Yantis, Steven

doi:10.1016/s1053-8119(03)00187-3

Cited by 146 publications

(102 citation statements)

References 57 publications

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“…However, these data do not indicate whether this inhibitory zone arises rapidly enough to represent a correlate of fast and flexible focusing, or instead, evolves gradually over several seconds. Related functional MRI studies addressing this issue were limited in an analogous way (14,31), aside from the low temporal resolution inherent in this method. The present data now demonstrate that the Mexican hat profile builds up rapidly under conditions of fast and flexible attentional focusing, as required in visual search.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In addition, shape matching between a cued and an uncued color singleton becomes degraded when the distance between them is reduced (28). Furthermore, single-cell recordings in monkeys (8,10,29) and event-related potential and functional MRI studies in humans (14,30,31) hint at the possibility that neural enhancement in the focus of attention may be accompanied by neural suppression of the immediate surround.In contrast, other behavioral and electrophysiological studies have found simple monotonic gradients of attention (18)(19)(20)(21)(22). However, these monotonic gradients may reflect an insufficiently dense sampling of the attentional gradient or the use of measures that conflate perceptual and postperceptual mechanisms of attention.…”

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confidence: 99%

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confidence: 99%

“…Evidence has accumulated that attention operates by means of both neural enhancement (4-7) and neural suppression (8)(9)(10)(11)(12)(13). More recent data from functional MRI in humans indicate that enhancement and suppression may cooperate across the visual scene (14,15), leading to an increase in selectivity in a push-pull-like manner (15). That is, a spatially organized combination of enhancement and suppression may effectively sharpen the demarcation of relevant from irrelevant inputs, particularly in cluttered visual scenes in which neural representations of relevant and irrelevant information may become mixed together (16,17) .…”

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confidence: 99%

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Direct neurophysiological evidence for spatial suppression surrounding the focus of attention in vision

Hopf

Boehler

Luck

et al. 2006

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

225

184

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The spatial focus of attention has traditionally been envisioned as a simple spatial gradient of enhanced activity that falls off monotonically with increasing distance. Here, we show with highdensity magnetoencephalographic recordings in human observers that the focus of attention is not a simple monotonic gradient but instead contains an excitatory peak surrounded by a narrow inhibitory region. To demonstrate this center-surround profile, we asked subjects to focus attention onto a color pop-out target and then presented probe stimuli at various distances from the target. We observed that the electromagnetic response to the probe was enhanced when the probe was presented at the location of the target, but the probe response was suppressed in a narrow zone surrounding the target and then recovered at more distant locations. Withdrawing attention from the pop-out target by engaging observers in a demanding foveal task eliminated this pattern, confirming a truly attention-driven effect. These results indicate that neural enhancement and suppression coexist in a spatially structured manner that is optimal to attenuate the most deleterious noise during visual object identification.attention ͉ magnetoencephalography ͉ visual I t is a common experience that one is able to focus on relevant parts of a visual scene even when irrelevant parts of the scene are more salient. It has been suggested that this voluntary focusing is mediated by a biasing of competitive stimulus interactions in the visual cortex, which promotes preferential processing of relevant over irrelevant input (1-3). This competitive advantage can be achieved by enhancing the processing of relevant inputs or by attenuating the processing of irrelevant inputs. Evidence has accumulated that attention operates by means of both neural enhancement (4-7) and neural suppression (8-13). More recent data from functional MRI in humans indicate that enhancement and suppression may cooperate across the visual scene (14, 15), leading to an increase in selectivity in a push-pull-like manner (15). That is, a spatially organized combination of enhancement and suppression may effectively sharpen the demarcation of relevant from irrelevant inputs, particularly in cluttered visual scenes in which neural representations of relevant and irrelevant information may become mixed together (16, 17) .Many behavioral and electrophysiological studies of attention have indicated that attending to a location produces a monotonic gradient of processing efficiency around the attended location (18)(19)(20)(21)(22). In contrast, computational models motivated by the known anatomy and physiology of the primate visual system have predicted that the spatial distribution of cortical activity around the focus of attention may be more complex than a simple gradient. In particular, the selective tuning model (ST) of Tsotsos et al. (23,24) proposes an architecture of attentional selection that explicitly predicts a suppressive zone surrounding the focus of attention. In short, ST provides an acc...

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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confidence: 99%

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confidence: 99%

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confidence: 99%

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Direct neurophysiological evidence for spatial suppression surrounding the focus of attention in vision

Hopf

Boehler

Luck

et al. 2006

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

225

184

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“…The use of simultaneous EEG and BOLD MRI recordings largely eliminated confounding factors such as attentional shifts that would be evident for separate EEG and neuroimaging sessions (11,(22)(23)(24)(25)(26)(27)(28). In more detail, the present study not only included comparisons of motion stimuli with stationary dot patterns of equal overall luminance and contrast, but also differential paradigms contrasting motion stimuli against each other.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Simultaneous recordings of visual evoked potentials and BOLD MRI activations in response to visual motion processing

2005

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Visual motion processing in humans was studied by simultaneous 32-channel electroencephalography (EEG) recordings of visual evoked potentials and BOLD MRI activations at 2.9 T. The paradigms compared three different random dot patterns (12 s duration) with stationary random dots (18 s) or with each other. The stimuli represented pattern reversal (500 ms switches between two stationary patterns), motion onset (200 ms of starfield motion followed by 1000 ms of stationary dots) and motion reversal (reversal of moving starfield directions every 1000 ms). Whereas motion-evoked visual potentials, and in particular the N2 component in occipito-temporal channels, were most prominent for motion onset, the most extended BOLD MRI activations and strongest signal changes in V5/MTþ were obtained in response to motion reversal. These apparently contradictory findings most likely reflect different physiological aspects of the neural activity associated with visual motion processing. For example, desynchronized activity of subpopulations of cortical neurons inside V5/MTþ is expected to attenuate visual evoked potentials in scalp recordings while continuously driving metabolic demands that lead to sustained BOLD MRI responses. The understanding of the physiological correlates and neural processes underlying either technique is fundamental to exploring fully the potential of combined EEG-MRI for studying human brain function at both high temporal and spatial resolution.

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Chronic pulmonary thromboembolism in a patient with a fontan circulation: Percutaneous management

Dehghani

Collins

Horlick

et al. 2007

Cathet Cardio Intervent

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Chronic pulmonary embolism is a common complication in patients with Fontan circulations. When anticoagulation is ineffective and surgery is contraindicated, percutaneous techniques may be considered. The authors report the first case of successful catheter intervention in a 30-year-old woman with a Fontan circulation who presented with NYHA class IV symptoms and chronic and complete obstruction of her left pulmonary artery.

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Attentional inhibition of visual processing in human striate and extrastriate cortex

Cited by 146 publications

References 57 publications

Direct neurophysiological evidence for spatial suppression surrounding the focus of attention in vision

Direct neurophysiological evidence for spatial suppression surrounding the focus of attention in vision

Simultaneous recordings of visual evoked potentials and BOLD MRI activations in response to visual motion processing

Chronic pulmonary thromboembolism in a patient with a fontan circulation: Percutaneous management

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