Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder and Parental Factors in School Children Aged Nine to Ten Years in Muscat, Oman

Al-Ghannami, Samia S.; Al-Adawi, Samir; Ghebremeskel, Kebreab; Cramer, Mathias T.; Hussein, Izzeldin; Min, Yoeju; Jeyaseelan, Lakshmanan; Al‐Sibani, Nasser; Al-Shammakhi, Saleh M.; Al-Mamari, Fatma; Dorvlo, Atsu S.S.

doi:10.5001/omj.2018.37

Cited by 18 publications

(24 citation statements)

References 26 publications

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“… 14 Specifically, our study found a lower prevalence of ADHD (4.6%) as compared to findings from other countries, notably; 6.3% in Kenya, 24 5.91% in China, 25 and 8.7% in the United States of America. 19 However, the ADHD prevalence in our study population was similar to estimates in Saudi Arabia, 26 and Oman population, 27 and a recent meta-analysis with 3.4% (95% CI 2.6–4.5) in children, 28 in addition to significantly higher than that in Malaysia school-age children with only 1.61% ADHD prevalence. 29 These variations can be explained by the diversity of measurement tools and geographical, cultural characteristics between countries.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 86%

“…Differences in methodology may also explain the variations in the reported rate, typically the present study covered only children aged 6 to 7 years instead of pupils at all grades of primary school like in other studies. 19,[24][25][26][27]29 In Vietnam, few studies have analyzed data on ADHD rate, in which one earlier study carried out among primary school pupils in Mekong River Delta identified that an ADHD prevalence among primary schools (grades 1-5) with 7.7% was higher than our estimate. 14 This disparity is assumed to be caused by the differences in study methodology and the improvement of mental health among pregnant women in Hue City, where the rate of maternal depression was found to be lower than in other cities in the North and South of Vietnam.…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 77%

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Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) and Associated Factors Among First-Year Elementary School Students

Hoang

Tran²,

Nguyễn

et al. 2021

JMDH

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Purpose Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a mental health disorder commonly in children. This study aimed to examine the prevalence of ADHD and risk factors among first-year pupils in Vietnam’s urban city. Patients and Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted in four randomly selected primary schools. Information on 525 pupils in grade 1 (ages 6 to 7 years) was collected from 525 parents/caregivers and 28 teachers. We used the Vanderbilt Assessment Scales with two separate versions for parents and teachers to screen children with ADHD symptoms. Results Among the total of 525 pupils, 24 (4.6%) were found to have ADHD symptom types (boy: 6.5%; girl: 2.1%). The combined ADHD type accounted for the highest proportion of 3.4%, followed by predominantly inattentive and predominantly hyperactivity type. ADHD prevalence rated by teachers was higher than those rated by parents. High agreement between parents and teachers was reported (κ > 0.6). The risk of ADHD increased in male participants (aOR=4.90, 95% CI 1.51–15.85), those having a first-degree relative with ADHD (aOR=85.2, 95% CI 1.66–4371.8), in-utero exposure to tobacco smoke (aOR=4.78, 95% CI 1.31–17.44), and prenatal alcohol drinking (aOR=8.87, 95% CI 2.29–34.42). Conclusion These findings suggest the importance of ADHD screening for pupils attending elementary schools, particularly those with a family history of ADHD. Public health programs should reduce prenatal exposure to the potential risk factors of ADHD (smoking and alcohol consumption).

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 86%

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 77%

Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) and Associated Factors Among First-Year Elementary School Students

Hoang

Tran²,

Nguyễn

et al. 2021

JMDH

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“…A previous study conducted in Oman suggested that the prevalence rate of ADHD was 8.8% among 9-10-yearolds. 25 However, it is not clear what percentage of this population also had OSA. In the current study, although there was a significant decrease in mean inattention and hyperactivity scores post-AT, this change does not indicate a reversal of ADHD-like symptoms, as the mean post-AT score remained above the cut-off value of >15 on the CTRS scale.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 92%

“…In the current study, although there was a significant decrease in mean inattention and hyperactivity scores post-AT, this change does not indicate a reversal of ADHD-like symptoms, as the mean post-AT score remained above the cut-off value of >15 on the CTRS scale. 25 Longer-term evaluation would perhaps shed more light on this finding.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Effects of an Adenotonsillectomy on the Cognitive and Behavioural Function of Children Who Snore: A naturalistic observational study

Al-Zaabi

Al-Adawi

Jaju

et al. 2019

Sultan Qaboos Univ Med J

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Objectives: This study aimed to evaluate cognitive and behavioural changes among 9–14-year-old Omani children with obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA) after an adenotonsillectomy (AT). Methods: This naturalistic observational study was conducted at the Sultan Qaboos University Hospital, Muscat, Oman, between January 2012 and December 2014. Omani children with adenotonsillar hypertrophy (ATH) underwent overnight polysomnography and those with confirmed OSA were scheduled for an AT. Cognitive and behavioural evaluations were performed using standardised instruments at baseline prior to the procedure and three months afterwards. Results: A total of 37 children were included in the study, of which 24 (65%) were male and 13 (35%) were female. The mean age of the males was 11.4 ± 1.9 years, while that of the females was 11.1 ± 1.5 years. Following the AT, there was a significant reduction of 56% in mean apnoea-hypopnoea index (AHI) score (2.36 ± 4.88 versus 5.37 ± 7.17; P <0.01). There was also a significant positive reduction in OSA indices, including oxygen desaturation index (78%), number of desaturations (68%) and number of obstructive apnoea incidents (74%; P <0.01 each). Significant improvements were noted in neurocognitive function, including attention/concentration (42%), verbal fluency (92%), learning/recall (38%), executive function (52%) and general intellectual ability (33%; P <0.01 each). There was a significant decrease of 21% in both mean inattention and hyperactivity scores (P <0.01 each). Conclusion: These results demonstrate the effectiveness of an AT in improving cognitive function and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder-like symptoms among children with ATH-caused OSA. Such changes can be observed as early as three months after the procedure.Keywords: Adenoidectomy; Obstructive Sleep Apnea; Cognitive Function; Behavior; Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorders; Children; Oman.

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“…The current systematic review included 33 studies ( Table 1 ) [ [30] , [31] , [32] , [33] , [34] , [35] , [36] , [37] , [38] , [39] , [40] , 45 , 55 , 56 , [64] , [65] , [66] , [67] , [68] , [69] , [70] , [71] , [72] , [73] , [74] , [77] , [78] , [79] , [80] ].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Child and adolescent mental health disorders in the GCC

Chan

Balushi

Falahi

et al. 2021

International Journal of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine

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Background The Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC), with a predominant ‘youth bulge’ among its 54 million people, has witnessed an exponential increase in research pertinent to child and adolescent mental health (CAMH). Aside from a few narrative reviews, to date, no critical appraisal examining the magnitude of CAMH has emerged from this region. Aims This study aimed to report the prevalence rates of CAMH disorders in the GCC through a systematic review of the existing literature followed by a meta-analysis. Methods A systematic review of the literature from the six GCC countries (Bahrain, Kuwait, Oman, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, and the United Arab Emirates) was conducted. The databases used included Scopus, ProQuest, Pubmed, and a final check was performed on Google Scholar to account for any remaining studies that may have still been under review. Meta analytic techniques were then used to estimate prevalence rates of each specific mental disorder, i.e. ADHD, depression, anxiety, stress, eating disorders, and tobacco use disorder. Results A total of 33 studies from the six countries were included. The pooled prevalence of ADHD as per the Vanderbilt ADHD Diagnostic Rating Scale (VADHDDRS) , clinical judgments, Attention Deficit Disorders Evaluation Scale (ADDES), and the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ) was found to be 13.125%, 13.38%, 26.135%, and 12.83%, respectively. The pooled prevalence of depressive symptoms solicited by the Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9), Depression, Anxiety, and Stress Scale (DASS), and Mini-International Neuropsychiatric Interview for Children and Adolescents (MINI Kid) was 44.684%, 45.09%, and 26.12%, respectively. The pooled prevalence of anxiety according to the DASS and the MINI Kid was 57.04% and 17.27%, respectively, while the pooled prevalence of stress as per the DASS was found to be 43.15%. The pooled prevalence of disordered eating solicited by the Eating Attitudes Test (EAT-26) was 31.55%. Lastly, the pooled prevalence of tobacco use disorder per the Global Youth Tobacco Survey was 19.39%. Discussion To date, this is the first systematic review and meta-analysis of its kind from the GCC. The prevalence rate of CAMH disorders appears to be in the upper range of international trends. The higher rates could be attributed to the existing studies using suboptimal methodological approaches and instruments to solicit the presence of CAMH.

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Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder and Parental Factors in School Children Aged Nine to Ten Years in Muscat, Oman

Abstract: This was the first study that examined familial and parental characteristics of children with ADHD as potential risk factors for the condition. Such psychosocial factors could be employed to further the development of more proficient preventative measures and remedial services.

Cited by 18 publications

References 26 publications

Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) and Associated Factors Among First-Year Elementary School Students

Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) and Associated Factors Among First-Year Elementary School Students

Effects of an Adenotonsillectomy on the Cognitive and Behavioural Function of Children Who Snore: A naturalistic observational study

Child and adolescent mental health disorders in the GCC

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