Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder: A preliminary diffusion tensor imaging study

Ashtari, Manzar; Kumra, Sanjiv; Bhaskar, Shree L.; Clarke, Tana L.; Thaden, Emily; Cervellione, Kelly; Rhinewine, Joseph P.; Kane, John M.; Adesman, Andrew; Milanaik, Ruth; Maytal, Joseph; Diamond, Alan; Szeszko, Philip R.; Ardekani, Babak A.

doi:10.1016/j.biopsych.2004.11.047

Cited by 273 publications

(247 citation statements)

References 50 publications

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“…FA values range from 0 to 1 and are higher in more organized WM fibers, where myelinated tracts restrict diffusion. DT-MRI study shows decreased FA in the right SMA in children and adolescents with ADHD (Ashtari et al, 2005) and support evidence of reduced myelination in that area. The finding of lower FA in children with ADHD is intriguing given the role of the SMA in planning, initiation, and execution of motor acts (Amador and Fried, 2004).…”

Section: Wm Abnormalities In Adhdsupporting

confidence: 68%

Overflow movements and white matter abnormalities in ADHD

D’Agati

Casarelli

Pitzianti

et al. 2010

Progress in Neuro-Psychopharmacology and Biological Psychiatry

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Multiple motor abnormalities have been identified in some children with Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD). These include persistence of overflow movements, impaired timing of motor responses and deficits in fine motor abilities. Motor overflow is defined as co-movement of body parts not specifically needed to efficiently complete a task. The presence of age-inappropriate overflow may reflect immaturity of the cortical systems involved in automatic motor inhibition. Theories on overflow movements consistently implicate impairments in white matter (WM) tracts, including the corpus callosum. WM connections might be altered selectively in brain networks and thus influence motor behaviours. We reviewed the scientific contributions on overflow movements and WM abnormalities in ADHD. They suggest that WM abnormalities in motor/premotor circuits, which are important for motor response inhibition, might be responsible for overflow movements in patients with ADHD.

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Section: Wm Abnormalities In Adhdsupporting

confidence: 68%

Overflow movements and white matter abnormalities in ADHD

D’Agati

Casarelli

Pitzianti

et al. 2010

Progress in Neuro-Psychopharmacology and Biological Psychiatry

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“…46 The caudate nucleus has been shown to be under-active in ADHD-CT using various response inhibition fMRI paradigms. [8][9][10] Finally, recent diffusion tensor imaging suggests the caudate nucleus has decreased white matter fibre tract integrity and organization in children with ADHD-CT. 47 The caudate nucleus has a known role in the frontostriatal neural networks that subserve the executive and cognitive control of attention, 6 and, via links with the parietal cortex, a crucial role in spatial working memory. 15 Neuropharmacological studies suggest that ADHD involves dysregulation of both noradrenaline and dopamine neurotransmitter systems.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Right parietal dysfunction in children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, combined type: a functional MRI study

et al. 2007

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Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, combined type (ADHD-CT) is associated with spatial working memory deficits. These deficits are known to be subserved by dysfunction of neural circuits involving right prefrontal, striatal and parietal brain regions. This study determines whether decreased right prefrontal, striatal and parietal activation with a mental rotation task shown in adolescents with ADHD-CT is also evident in children with ADHD-CT. A crosssectional study of 12 pre-pubertal, right-handed, 8-12-year-old boys with ADHD-CT and 12 prepubertal, right-handed, performance IQ-matched, 8-12-year-old healthy boys, recruited from local primary schools, was completed. Participants underwent functional magnetic resonance imaging while performing a mental rotation task that requires spatial working memory. The two groups did not differ in their accuracy or response times for the mental rotation task. The ADHD-CT group showed significantly less activation in right parieto-occipital areas (cuneus and precuneus, BA 19), the right inferior parietal lobe (BA 40) and the right caudate nucleus. Our findings with a child cohort confirm previous reports of right striatal-parietal dysfunction in adolescents with ADHD-CT. This dysfunction suggests a widespread maturational deficit that may be developmental stage independent.

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“…Fractional anisotropy (FA), an indicator of the non-random diffusion of water within axons, has been the most often used DTI measurement parameter. Ashtari et al (2005) reported children with ADHD had decreased FA in the premotor cortex, striatum, cerebellum, and left parietooccipital areas. Casey et al (2007a) used fMRI maps from a go/no-go task to identify portions of the VLPFC and striatum involved in suppressing an inappropriate action in parent-child dyads with and without ADHD.…”

Section: Selected Adhd Imaging Datamentioning

confidence: 94%

Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder and Attention Networks

Bush

2009

Neuropsychopharmacol

296

251

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Research attempting to elucidate the neuropathophysiology of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) has not only shed light on the disorder itself, it has simultaneously provided new insights into the mechanisms of normal cognition and attention. This review will highlight and integrate this bidirectional flow of information. Following a brief overview of ADHD clinical phenomenology, ADHD studies will be placed into a wider historical perspective by providing illustrative examples of how major models of attention have influenced the development of neurocircuitry models of ADHD. The review will then identify major components of neural systems potentially relevant to ADHD, including attention networks, reward/feedbackbased processing systems, as well as a 'default mode' resting state network. Further, it will suggest ways in which these systems may interact and be influenced by neuromodulatory factors. Recent ADHD imaging data will be selectively provided to both illustrate the field's current level of knowledge and to show how such data can inform our understanding of normal brain functions. The review will conclude by suggesting possible avenues for future research.

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Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder: A preliminary diffusion tensor imaging study

Cited by 273 publications

References 50 publications

Overflow movements and white matter abnormalities in ADHD

Overflow movements and white matter abnormalities in ADHD

Right parietal dysfunction in children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, combined type: a functional MRI study

Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder and Attention Networks

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