Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder

Reduced Spontaneous Eye Blink Rates in Recreational Cocaine Users: Evidence for Dopaminergic Hypoactivity

“…In contrast to numerous previous studies on chronic cocaine use (see [29] ), the design of our study allows us to reject a number of alternative accounts of our observations. Participants were screened for several psychiatric disorders and matched for age, race, IQ, gender, alcohol consumption, and personality traits, which rules out interpretations in terms of pre-existing psychiatric disorders (such as schizophrenia, ADHD, and obsessive compulsive disorder) that are known to affect the dopaminergic system [30] , [31] , [32] This finding is in line with evidence that Parkinson's patients, who suffer from loss of nigrostriatal dopaminergic cells, show cognitive impairments and lower EBR than controls [26] . Particularly important was the matching of the personality traits: From previous studies on EBR it is known that higher scores on psychoticism scales are associated with elevated EBR [33] .…”

Reduced Spontaneous Eye Blink Rates in Recreational Cocaine Users: Evidence for Dopaminergic Hypoactivity

“…In contrast to numerous previous studies on chronic cocaine use (see [29] ), the design of our study allows us to reject a number of alternative accounts of our observations. Participants were screened for several psychiatric disorders and matched for age, race, IQ, gender, alcohol consumption, and personality traits, which rules out interpretations in terms of pre-existing psychiatric disorders (such as schizophrenia, ADHD, and obsessive compulsive disorder) that are known to affect the dopaminergic system [30] , [31] , [32] This finding is in line with evidence that Parkinson's patients, who suffer from loss of nigrostriatal dopaminergic cells, show cognitive impairments and lower EBR than controls [26] . Particularly important was the matching of the personality traits: From previous studies on EBR it is known that higher scores on psychoticism scales are associated with elevated EBR [33] .…”

Perception of Inspiratory Resistive Loads in Asthmatic Children with Attention Deficit Disorder

“…Comorbidity studies of patients with both asthma and ADD/ADHD reported that asthma and ADD/ ADHD are transferred independently [Biederman et al 1994;Blackman and Gurka, 2007]. Behavior characteristics, typical of children with ADD/ ADHD include hyperactivity, impulsiveness and inattentiveness [Wilens et al 2002;Spencer, 2002]. All our asthma patients were free from other respiratory disease, did not have an acute exacerbation within four weeks of the study, and had similar Peak mouth pressure (P m ) for control asthmatic subjects (dotted line) and ADD/ADHD subjects (solid line).…”

Relationship between Health-Related Quality of Life and Physical Activity in Children with Hyperactivity

“…The only inclusion criterion was having a determination of ADHD based on the score obtained in the "Hyperactivity" block of the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ) (i.e., score ≥ 7). Moreover, the exclusion criteria were: (a) not having a valid score (values not between 1-4) for question 61 of "module K", referring to physical activity habits, (b) not having a valid score (values not in the range of 1-3) on any of the "module F" questions related to mental health, and (c) not having a valid score (values not between [1][2][3][4][5] National Statistical Institute. After the application of inclusion and exclusion criteria, the sample size was reduced to 496 participants ( Figure 1).…”

Reduced Spontaneous Eye Blink Rates in Recreational Cocaine Users: Evidence for Dopaminergic Hypoactivity

“…In contrast to numerous previous studies on chronic cocaine use (see [29] ), the design of our study allows us to reject a number of alternative accounts of our observations. Participants were screened for several psychiatric disorders and matched for age, race, IQ, gender, alcohol consumption, and personality traits, which rules out interpretations in terms of pre-existing psychiatric disorders (such as schizophrenia, ADHD, and obsessive compulsive disorder) that are known to affect the dopaminergic system [30] , [31] , [32] This finding is in line with evidence that Parkinson's patients, who suffer from loss of nigrostriatal dopaminergic cells, show cognitive impairments and lower EBR than controls [26] . Particularly important was the matching of the personality traits: From previous studies on EBR it is known that higher scores on psychoticism scales are associated with elevated EBR [33] .…”

Perception of Inspiratory Resistive Loads in Asthmatic Children with Attention Deficit Disorder

“…Comorbidity studies of patients with both asthma and ADD/ADHD reported that asthma and ADD/ ADHD are transferred independently [Biederman et al 1994;Blackman and Gurka, 2007]. Behavior characteristics, typical of children with ADD/ ADHD include hyperactivity, impulsiveness and inattentiveness [Wilens et al 2002;Spencer, 2002]. All our asthma patients were free from other respiratory disease, did not have an acute exacerbation within four weeks of the study, and had similar Peak mouth pressure (P m ) for control asthmatic subjects (dotted line) and ADD/ADHD subjects (solid line).…”

Relationship between Health-Related Quality of Life and Physical Activity in Children with Hyperactivity

“…The only inclusion criterion was having a determination of ADHD based on the score obtained in the "Hyperactivity" block of the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ) (i.e., score ≥ 7). Moreover, the exclusion criteria were: (a) not having a valid score (values not between 1-4) for question 61 of "module K", referring to physical activity habits, (b) not having a valid score (values not in the range of 1-3) on any of the "module F" questions related to mental health, and (c) not having a valid score (values not between [1][2][3][4][5] National Statistical Institute. After the application of inclusion and exclusion criteria, the sample size was reduced to 496 participants ( Figure 1).…”

Reduced Spontaneous Eye Blink Rates in Recreational Cocaine Users: Evidence for Dopaminergic Hypoactivity

“…In contrast to numerous previous studies on chronic cocaine use (see [29] ), the design of our study allows us to reject a number of alternative accounts of our observations. Participants were screened for several psychiatric disorders and matched for age, race, IQ, gender, alcohol consumption, and personality traits, which rules out interpretations in terms of pre-existing psychiatric disorders (such as schizophrenia, ADHD, and obsessive compulsive disorder) that are known to affect the dopaminergic system [30] , [31] , [32] This finding is in line with evidence that Parkinson's patients, who suffer from loss of nigrostriatal dopaminergic cells, show cognitive impairments and lower EBR than controls [26] . Particularly important was the matching of the personality traits: From previous studies on EBR it is known that higher scores on psychoticism scales are associated with elevated EBR [33] .…”

Perception of Inspiratory Resistive Loads in Asthmatic Children with Attention Deficit Disorder

“…Comorbidity studies of patients with both asthma and ADD/ADHD reported that asthma and ADD/ ADHD are transferred independently [Biederman et al 1994;Blackman and Gurka, 2007]. Behavior characteristics, typical of children with ADD/ ADHD include hyperactivity, impulsiveness and inattentiveness [Wilens et al 2002;Spencer, 2002]. All our asthma patients were free from other respiratory disease, did not have an acute exacerbation within four weeks of the study, and had similar Peak mouth pressure (P m ) for control asthmatic subjects (dotted line) and ADD/ADHD subjects (solid line).…”

Relationship between Health-Related Quality of Life and Physical Activity in Children with Hyperactivity

“…The only inclusion criterion was having a determination of ADHD based on the score obtained in the "Hyperactivity" block of the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ) (i.e., score ≥ 7). Moreover, the exclusion criteria were: (a) not having a valid score (values not between 1-4) for question 61 of "module K", referring to physical activity habits, (b) not having a valid score (values not in the range of 1-3) on any of the "module F" questions related to mental health, and (c) not having a valid score (values not between [1][2][3][4][5] National Statistical Institute. After the application of inclusion and exclusion criteria, the sample size was reduced to 496 participants ( Figure 1).…”