Atribuições de causas ao desemprego e valores pessoais

Abstract

ResumoO artigo explorou a associação entre atribuições de causas ao desemprego e valores pessoais. Participaram do estudo 205 pessoas empregadas e desempregadas. Utilizou-se uma escala de atribuição sobre as causas do desemprego baseada em Furnham (1982) AbstractAttributions of causes for unemployment and personal values. This article explored the association between explanations of unemployment and values. 205 people -employed and unemployed -were part of the study. Furnham´s attribution scale on unemployment (1982) and a short version of Schwartz´s. Portrait Value Questionnaire (PVQ 21) included in the European Social Survey (ESS), together with a social and demographic questionnaire were used. The conclusion was that employed and unemployed showed no differences in the attribution of causes for unemployment. In relation to values, unemployed showed differences in universalism and benevolence, linked to the domain of self-trascendence, whereas employed individuals had a greater attach to security values, linked to the domain of conservation. Finally, it was found a significant association between fatalistic attributions and security and tradition values, between tradition and social attributions and between stimulation and individualistic reasons for unemployment.

Attributions of causes for unemployment by unemployed workers

“…Concerning the reliability of the three factors, Cronbach's alpha was 0.68 for individualistic causes, 0.61 for societal causes, and 0.55 for fatalistic causes. These rates are slightly lower than those found in the previous study in Brazil using the same instrument (Gondim et al, 2010). The weight factor for each item is shown in Figure 2, as well as the correlations between factors (all significant, p<0.001).…”

“…Mylonas and Furnham (2014) subsequently confirmed the new measure in a cross-cultural study of samples from eight countries. Gondim et al (2010) adapted Mylonas and Furnham's questionnaire to Portuguese and attempted to confirm the triarchic solution for Brazil -but they were not able to do so, in part because Brazilians ascribe unemployment to multiple causes. The authors used an exploratory factor analysis, and this revealed three factors (KMO=0.68), each of which merged individualistic, societal, and fatalistic causes, with factor loadings ranging from 0.35 to 0.68 for the first factor (8 items, Cronbach's alpha 0.65), 0.36 to 0.62 for the second factor (8 items, Cronbach's alpha 0.75) and 0.58 to 0.77 for the third factor (3 items, Cronbach's alpha 0.65).…”

“…The present study uses Gondim et al (2010)'s adaption of Mylonas and Furnham's questionnaire for assigning causes for unemployment. Each item is a judgment on the cause for unemployment: individualistic (e.g., "Lack of effort and laziness among unemployed people"), societal (e.g., "The educational system does not correspond to the current job market"), or fatalistic (e.g., "Demographic and population changes").…”

“…Furnham (1988) and Furnham and Rawles (1996) proposed that there are three main types of reasons given for unemployment: (a) individualistic reasons related to dispositional and personal factors (internal causes), (b) societal reasons involving policies and organizations (external and structural), and (c) fatalistic reasons related to technological developments whose inevitability brings about negative consequences. Gondim et al (2010) subsequently attempted to validate Furnham's (1988) model in Brazil. To this end, they used a sample of employed and unemployed individuals from the northeast region of the country, and they analyzed the obtained data with exploratory analytical processes.…”

Mapas cognitivos de identidade da experiência de declínio organizacional

“…Pesquisas nessa direção, como argumentam Gondim et al (2010), podem servir para pensar comportamentos futuros frente ao mercado. Os resultados do estudo da autora, entre desempregados e empregados, demonstram que os atores empregados preocupam-se mais com a segurança, e postula que isso esteja relacionado com a preocupação de não perder o emprego.…”