Atomic-scale stick-slip processes on Cu(111)

Bennewitz, Roland; Gyalog, T.; Guggisberg, Martin; Bammerlin, M.; Meyer, Ernst; Güntherodt, H.‐J.

doi:10.1103/physrevb.60.r11301

Cited by 120 publications

(95 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…It is worthwhile to note that rate-dependent stickslip models of polymer yielding (Krausz & Eyring 1975;Ward & Sweeney 2004), elastomer friction (Schallamach 1963;Vorvolakos & Chaudhury 2003), boundary lubricated friction (He & Robbins 2001;Richetti et al 2001;Tao & Bhushan 2007), atomic stick -slip (Bennewitz et al 1999;Gnecco et al 2001;Riedo et al 2003;Tambe & Bhushan 2005) and even earthquakes (Huisman & Fasolino 2005) all suggest that smooth macroscopic kinetic friction is the result of uncorrelated stick -slip of all the discrete microscale contact elements sliding along the surface, precisely what we observed in the GSA and what we predicted for gecko setae.…”

supporting

confidence: 83%

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Rate-dependent frictional adhesion in natural and synthetic gecko setae

Gravish

Wilkinson

Sponberg

et al. 2009

J. R. Soc. Interface.

111

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Geckos owe their remarkable stickiness to millions of dry, hard setae on their toes. In this study, we discovered that gecko setae stick more strongly the faster they slide, and do not wear out after 30 000 cycles. This is surprising because friction between dry, hard, macroscopic materials typically decreases at the onset of sliding, and as velocity increases, friction continues to decrease because of a reduction in the number of interfacial contacts, due in part to wear. Gecko setae did not exhibit the decrease in adhesion or friction characteristic of a transition from static to kinetic contact mechanics. Instead, friction and adhesion forces increased at the onset of sliding and continued to increase with shear speed from 500 nm s 21 to 158 mm s 21. To explain how apparently fluid-like, wear-free dynamic friction and adhesion occur macroscopically in a dry, hard solid, we proposed a model based on a population of nanoscopic stick-slip events. In the model, contact elements are either in static contact or in the process of slipping to a new static contact. If stick -slip events are uncorrelated, the model further predicted that contact forces should increase to a critical velocity (V *) and then decrease at velocities greater than V*. We hypothesized that, like natural gecko setae, but unlike any conventional adhesive, gecko-like synthetic adhesives (GSAs) could adhere while sliding. To test the generality of our results and the validity of our model, we fabricated a GSA using a hard silicone polymer. While sliding, the GSA exhibited steady-state adhesion and velocity dependence similar to that of gecko setae. Observations at the interface indicated that macroscopically smooth sliding of the GSA emerged from randomly occurring stick -slip events in the population of flexible fibrils, confirming our model predictions.

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supporting

confidence: 83%

“…The velocity dependence of the gecko adhesive and GSA was logarithmic above a threshold speed (figures 2 and 3). Logarithmic force -velocity models are abundant in the mechanics of atomic stick-slip (Bennewitz et al 1999; …”

Section: Rate Dependence Of Detachment Forcementioning

confidence: 99%

Rate-dependent frictional adhesion in natural and synthetic gecko setae

Gravish

Wilkinson

Sponberg

et al. 2009

J. R. Soc. Interface.

111

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“…Nevertheless, the measurement indicates that strong bonds of several eV per atom are formed between the clean Pt͑111͒ surface and the tungsten carbide tip. These bonds are also much stronger than those between silicon tips and clean Cu͑111͒ reported by Bennewitz et al 23,24 A consequence of the strong adhesion is the unusual force-displacement plot observed when retracting the tip from the sample ͓Fig. 1͑a͒ and Fig.…”

Section: A Irreversible Adhesion Between Clean Interfacesmentioning

confidence: 69%

The role of contaminants in the variation of adhesion, friction, and electrical conduction properties of carbide-coated scanning probe tips and Pt(111) in ultrahigh vacuum

Enăchescu

Carpick

Ogletree

et al. 2004

Journal of Applied Physics

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Scanning probe microscopy was used to investigate the tribological properties of nanoscale tips in contact with a Pt͑111͒ single-crystal surface under ultrahigh vacuum conditions. The tips were coated with a tungsten carbide film, which contained a significant fraction of oxygen. The electrically conductive tip made it possible to alternate between contact measurements and noncontact scanning tunneling microscopy. Several types of interfaces were found depending on the chemical state of the surfaces. The first type is characterized by strong irreversible adhesion followed by material transfer between tip and sample. Low adhesion and no material transfer characterize a second type of contact, which are associated with the presence of passivating adsorbates in both ͑full passivation͒ or in one of the two contacting surfaces ͑half-passivation͒. Half-passivated contacts in which the clean side is the Pt͑111͒ sample gave rise to periodic stick-slip friction behavior with a period equal to the atomic lattice constant of the Pt͑111͒ surface. Local electrical conductivity measurements show a clear correlation between electronic and friction properties, with ohmic behavior on clean regions of the Pt surface and semiconductor-like behavior on areas covered with adsorbates.

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“…Single stick-slip is clearly resolved under all conditions. We consider the predictions from the PTT model in the quasistatic, single slip regime [6][7][8]19,26]. Mean friction F L is related to speed v through the nonlinear implicit equation [6] …”

Section: Prl 106 126101 (2011) P H Y S I C a L R E V I E W L E T T Ementioning

confidence: 99%

“…Cold welding of the bimetallic interface was likely responsible for this [16,17]. While a few recent papers [16,18,19] report friction on metal surfaces, all using Si tips, no experimental papers report elastic stick-slip behavior for a metal tip in contact with a metal surface. The behavior of the Au-Pt contacts, supported…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%