Atomic‐Scale Friction of Black Phosphorus: Effect of Thickness and Anisotropic Behavior

Cui, Ziyi; Xie, Guoxin; He, Feng; Wang, Weiqi; Guo, Dan; Wang, Wei

doi:10.1002/admi.201700998

Cited by 45 publications

(37 citation statements)

References 46 publications

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“…Up to now, most of the reported literatures employed pressure sensor as the sensing component for discerning texture . However, attention should be paid that, based on friction formula,F f = µN , where F f is the resistive force of friction, µ is the coefficient of friction, and N is the perpendicular force, the resulting frictional force is proportional to the applied force . Thus, the disadvantage of pressure sensors for texture sensing is calibration and adjustment must be introduced before sensing texture in order to keep an overall constant pressure to various objects .…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Embedding Pinhole Vertical Gold Nanowire Electronic Skins for Braille Recognition

Ling

Gong

Zhai

et al. 2019

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In this context, it is crucial to improve the interfacial adhesion in order to achieve durability of current e-skin devices for real-world applications. One approach is to introduce interfacial structuring by embedding gold nanopiles into PDMS substrate, which increased its adhesive strength to 2.6 MPa due to the interlocking surface. [19] Another strategy is to introduce chemical modification in order to promote interfacial chemical bonding. A binder polymer (e.g., poly(dopamine)) has been used to promote bonding interactions between silver nanowire and PDMS, which was found to enhance durability under repeating stretching. [20] We have recently also found (3-aminopropyl) trimethoxysilane (APTMS) can efficiently promote the bonding between standing gold nanowires with Ecoflex substrates, leading to exceptionally high stretchability. [21,22] Despite of encouraging progress made so far, interfacial adhesion remains a technical challenge particularly considering the complexity of various filler materials and type of substrates.Here, we report a robust strategy to obtain e-skin patches simply by embedding vertically aligned standing gold nanowires (v-AuNWs) into PDMS. Compared to the stretchable conductor that is typically percolation networks uniformly dispersed in 3D elastomeric matrix, our v-AuNWs are vertically embedded in PDMS surface, more like 2D system yet with efficient electron transport pathways. This may in principle save material usage to achieve comparable conductivity. Unlike lying-down mode percolation network of gold nanowires reported earlier, [5,[23][24][25] our v-AuNWs were vertically grown and closely packed, with each NW connecting its neighboring NWs. A more specific comparison table between lying-down gold nanowire and our v-AuNWs in terms of strain sensitivity, stretchability, conductivity, and adhesion energy were listed in Table S1 in the Supporting Information. Besides, the v-AuNWs allow for control of surface topology by controlling seed concentration and nanowire height. With self-assembled pinhole v-AuNWs films, we could reach a high adhesion of 2.41 MPa. This enables the demonstrations of our v-AuNW-based e-skin in braille recognition. Considering the advantages of using gold in biomedical applications including high chemical inertness, biocompatibility, bandgap matching with p-type semiconductor, and wide electrochemical sensing window, [26] our pinhole v-AuNW embedding strategy may find additional applications in next-generation soft electronics.Electronic skins (e-skins) have the potential to be conformally integrated with human body to revolutionize wearable electronics for a myriad of technical applications including healthcare, soft robotics, and the internet of things, to name a few. One of the challenges preventing the current proof of concept translating to real-world applications is the device durability, in which the strong adhesion between active materials and elastomeric substrate or human skin is required. Here, a new strategy is reported to embed vertically aligned stan...

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Embedding Pinhole Vertical Gold Nanowire Electronic Skins for Braille Recognition

Ling

Gong

Zhai

et al. 2019

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“…Therefore, exploring novel 2D nanoadditives with a uniform particle size distribution, good dispersion stability in water, and high stability on the rough surfaces is needed. As a new type of 2D layered nanomaterial, black phosphorus (BP) has attracted considerable attention because it has promising applications in tribology owing to its excellent physicochemical and mechanical properties [16,17]. Seminal works have demonstrated that BP and its composites are useful as lubricant additives and can provide excellent lubricating effects owing to their superior properties [18][19][20][21][22][23].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Black phosphorus quantum dots: A new-type of water-based high-efficiency lubricant additive

et al. 2020

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Black phosphorus quantum dots (BPQDs), obtained via a typical solution-based top-down method, were used as water-based lubricant additives. BPQDs exhibited remarkable friction reduction and anti-wear properties even at the ultra-low concentration of 0.005 wt%, which reduced the friction coefficient and wear volume of the base liquid by 32.3% and 56.4%, respectively. In addition, the load-supporting capacity of the base liquid increased from 120 N to over 300 N. BPQDs-based additives exhibited a relatively long lifetime at a relatively high load of 80 N. The performance of BPQDs considerably exceeded that of the BP; this may be attributed to their small and uniform particle size, good dispersion stability in water, and high reactivity at the frictional surfaces. The results of the surface wear resistance analysis demonstrated that a robust tribochemical film with a thickness of approximately 90 nm was formed on the rubbing surface lubricated with 0.005 wt% of BPQDs dispersion. Moreover, the film served as a direct evidence of the excellent tribological performance of BPQDs.

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“…They suggested that the combination of water molecules and the resultant chemical groups (P-OH bonds) formed on the oxidized surface may be responsible for the friction force reduction of the degraded BP flakes. Several studies have confirmed the anisotropic frictional behavior of single-layer BP nanosheet (phosphorene) using a frictional force microscope (FFM) and simulation models [123,124]. However, Lee at al.…”

Section: Black Phosphorusmentioning

confidence: 99%

Tribology of 2D Nanomaterials: A Review

Uzoma

Khadem

et al. 2020

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The exfoliation of graphene has opened a new frontier in material science with a focus on 2D materials. The unique thermal, physical and chemical properties of these materials have made them one of the choicest candidates in novel mechanical and nano-electronic devices. Notably, 2D materials such as graphene, MoS2, WS2, h-BN and black phosphorus have shown outstanding lowest frictional coefficients and wear rates, making them attractive materials for high-performance nano-lubricants and lubricating applications. The objective of this work is to provide a comprehensive overview of the most recent developments in the tribological potentials of 2D materials. At first, the essential physical, wear and frictional characteristics of the 2D materials including their production techniques are discussed. Subsequently, the experimental explorations and theoretical simulations of the most common 2D materials are reviewed in regards to their tribological applications such as their use as solid lubricants and surface lubricant nano-additives. The effects of micro/nano textures on friction behavior are also reviewed. Finally, the current challenges in tribological applications of 2D materials and their prospects are discussed.

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Atomic‐Scale Friction of Black Phosphorus: Effect of Thickness and Anisotropic Behavior

Cited by 45 publications

References 46 publications

Embedding Pinhole Vertical Gold Nanowire Electronic Skins for Braille Recognition

Embedding Pinhole Vertical Gold Nanowire Electronic Skins for Braille Recognition

Black phosphorus quantum dots: A new-type of water-based high-efficiency lubricant additive

Tribology of 2D Nanomaterials: A Review

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