Atomic layer deposition of ultrathin layered TiO2 on Pt/C cathode catalyst for extended durability in polymer electrolyte fuel cells

The Role of Lone‐Pair Electrons in Pt–N Interactions for the Oxygen Reduction Reaction in Polymer Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells

“…Proton exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFC) are a promising power source for transportation and stationary application with benefits such as high power density and low‐temperature operation . To date, platinum materials have demonstrated the highest catalytic activity toward oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) in fuel cells . Because of the high price of Pt, a bottleneck in this area for commercialization is to lower Pt usage to <0.03 mg cm −2 to curtail the production cost of the membrane electrode assembly (MEA).…”

“…[1] To date, platinum materials have demonstrated the highest catalytic activity towardo xygen reduction reaction (ORR) in fuel cells. [2][3][4] Because of the high price of Pt, ab ottleneck in this area for commercialization is to lower Pt usage to < 0.03 mg cm À2 to curtail the production cost of the membrane electrode assembly (MEA). To reduce catalyst loading from current state of the art (0.05-0.1 mg cm À2 ), the development of optimal catalysts using Pt [5] or non-PGM [6][7][8][9][10] such as Fe-N/C or heteroatom-doped carbon catalysth as continued on the basis of moderated oxygen binding strength on their surfaces to accelerate the sluggish kinetics of the oxygen reduction reaction(ORR) on the fuel cell cathode.…”

A review of nanocarbons in energy electrocatalysis: Multifunctional substrates and highly active sites

“…Up to date, numerous nanocarbon-based materials with distinct properties and structures have been proposed to replace the precious metal catalysts aiming at high-efficient and costeffective ener gy electrocatalysis, including ORR, OER and HER [30,31] . Whereas, the research is dominantly based on trial-anderror approaches and the dazzling achievements confuse the further targeted improvement with respect to active origin [32] , material design [33][34][35] , electrolyte optimization [36] , and device integration [37,38] . The resultant electrocatalytic performance of nanocarbon-based materials is strongly related to the intrinsic properties, active sites, hierarchical porosities, and hybrid structures.…”

Boosting efficiency and stability using zirconia nanosphere-held carbon for proton exchange membrane fuel cells

“…It is to be noted that optimizing the carbon content in ZrO 2 is critical as excess carbon may partially cover the active sites and prevent the oxygen transfer. [26][27][28][29][30][31] The experimental results also clearly shows that Pt deposited on metal oxide-carbon composite (ZrO 2 -C) is more suitable to improve strong interaction between Pt-ZrO 2 -C and effectively prevent the Pt agglomeration, dissolution and carbon corrosion, retaining long term stability of PEFCs. Thus, optimum levels of carbon held with ZrO 2 supported Pt proves to be stable under detrimental conditions such as higher potentials (1 to 1.6 V) and low RH.…”