Atom Transfer Radical Polymerization of Styrene and Acrylates: Effects of Catalyst, Ligand, Solvent, and Initiator

Abstract

Well-defined polystyrenes were successfully prepared by the CuX/(dN)bpy or CuX/ PMDETA catalyzed atom transfer radical polymerization of styrene using 1-phenylethyl bromide (1-PEBr) or benzyl bromide (BnBr) as initiators. We found that the CuX/PMDETA catalyzed ATRP of styrene proceeded faster than CuX/(dN)bpy catalyzed counterpart in bulk, diphenyl ether (DPE) and anisole. Using CuX/(dN)bpy catalyst, well-defined polystyrenes were obtained with good chain-end functionalities and low polydispersity (Mw/Mn <1.5) compared to CuX/PMDETA catalyst. The CuBr/PMDETA catalyzed ATRP of n-butyl acrylate (nBA), n-butyl methacrylate (nBMA), and tert-butyl methacrylate (tBMA) were also proceeded in a controlled manner. The molecular structure and molecular weight of polymers were determined by proton nuclear magnetic resonance (1H NMR) spectroscopy and size exclusion chromatography (SEC), respectively.

Synthesis of homo- and copolymer containing sulfonic acid via atom transfer radical polymerization

“…The effects of ligand and solvent on the polymer yield and the polydispersity were summarized in Table 1 . The ATRP conditions for SS were set as same as S polymerization [ 59 ]. PSS was obtained in low yield than PS because of the bulky functional group (C 6 H 5 OO 2 S –) present in the SS monomer (entry I vs. 1; entry II vs. 2).…”

“…To find out a suitable ATRP condition is very important for the polymerization of a monomer especially with a polar functional group. In our previous work, we reported the ATRP conditions for the homoplymerization of styrene and acrylates [ 59 ].…”