Atividade Biológica De Extratos De Folhas De Caryocar Coriaceum Wittm. : Estudo in Vitro

Abstract

ResumoCaryocar coriaceum (Caryocaraceae), popularmente conhecida como pequi, é uma espécie endêmica da Chapada do Araripe, Ceará. Na medicina popular seu fruto é comumente utilizado para tratamento de infecções e inflamações, propriedades também demonstradas em modelos experimentais. Entretanto, existem poucos estudos sobre a folha desta planta. Dessa forma, objetivou-se investigar a toxicidade, as características fitoquímicas e a atividade antioxidante de extratos aquoso e etanólico de folhas do Caryocar coriaceum. O material vegetal foi identificado no Herbário Caririense Dárdamo de Andrade-Lima (HCDAL) sob registro 6684. O extrato etanólico foi concentrado em evaporador rotativo e o extrato aquoso foi submetido à ebulição e posteriormente liofilizado. Quanto à toxicidade à Artemia salina, os extratos aquoso (18,5 μg/mL) e etanólico (14,9 μg/mL) apresentaram Concentração Letal (CL 50) inferior ao controle positivo (55,9 μg/mL). Em relação à prospecção fitoquímica, verificou-se a presença de taninos, fenóis, flavonas, flavonóis, xantonas, flavononóis e flavononas. Quanto a atividade antioxidante, os resultados demonstraram um considerável efeito dos extratos aquoso (CE50=2,70μg/mL) e etanólico (CE50=3,24 μg/mL) quando comparado ao controle positivo (CE50=42,0 μg/mL -BHT). A partir dos resultados obtidos, evidencia-se a necessidade da realização de testes mais específicos para quantificar e caracterizar os compostos bioativos assim como para comprovar a atividade antioxidante dos extratos para que seja estendido a ensaios experimentais in vivo. Palavras-chave:Caryocar coriaceum Wittm., Antioxidante, Toxicidade. BIOLOGICAL ACTIVITY OF LEAVES EXTRACTS CARYOCAR CORIACEUM WITTM. : STUDY IN VITRO AbstractCaryocar coriaceum (Caryocaraceae), popularly known as pequi, is an endemic species of the Araripe, Ceará. In folk medicine the fruit is used to treat infections and inflammations, properties also demonstrated in experimental models. However, there is few studies regarding to pharmacological properties of leaves from pequi. Hence, this study was aimed to investigate the toxicity properties phytochemical and antioxidant activity of aqueous extracts, ethanolic leaves C. coriaceum. The plant material was identified in the HCDAL under register 6684. The extracts were prepared from the fresh leaves of C. coriaceum getting the aqueous and ethanol extracts. the aqueous (18,5 μg/mL) and ethanolic (14,9 μg/mL) extracts showed a LC 50 lower than the positive control (55,9 μg/mL).

Caryocar coriaceum Wittm. (Caryocaraceae): Botany, Ethnomedicinal Uses, Biological Activities, Phytochemistry, Extractivism and Conservation Needs

“…The aqueous extract of the leaves of the species, for example, showed the highest capacity in reducing DPPH, with an IC 50 value 15 times lower than ascorbic acid, a positive control [52]. Duavy et al [53] reported that, at concentrations of 100 and 250 µg/mL, the DPPH radical scavenging exhibited by C. coriaceum leaf and fruit peel extracts was similar to that found for ascorbic acid.…”

“…Concomitantly, a positive control group was prepared with aquamarine and potassium dichromate (K 2 Cr 2 O 7 ), and a negative control was prepared with aquamarine and Tween 80. The ethanolic and aqueous extracts of C. coriaceum leaves presented, in vivo, a high toxicity on A. salina nauplii, with LC 50 values of 14.9 and 18.5 µg/mL, respectively-more toxic than the positive control (potassium dichromate), whose LC 50 was 55.9 µg/mL [52]. However, when using Drosophila melanogaster as a model, these authors found no toxicity of the aqueous extract at the concentration of 5 mg/mL during 5 days of the experiment [50].…”

“…In order to assess toxicity, Duavy et al [52] tested the effect of the ethanolic and aqueous extract of the leaves of the species under study against the microcrustacean Artemia salina Leach. For that, the nauplii were exposed to different concentrations of the respective extracts (1-1000 µg/mL) during a period of 24 h. After this period, the surviving larvae were read.…”

“…Besides compounds of the primary metabolism, C. coriaceum presents a wide variety of secondary compounds. Simple phenolics, flavones, flavonols, flavonones, flavononols, xanthones, tannins (pyrrobalic and hydrolysable), saponins, leucoanthocyanidins, catechins, steroids and alkaloids have been identified in C. coriaceum leaves [52,56,59,65,71].…”

Using the plants of Brazilian Cerrado for wound healing: From traditional use to scientific approach

“…It is rich in unsaturated, fatty acids and antioxidant components such as vitamins A and E (Sena et al, 2010). The leaves of C. coriaceum present antioxidant activity associated with tannins, phenols and xanthones (Duavy et al, 2012). In a hydroalcoholic leave extract, which demonstrated anti-inflammatory activity on mice skin inflammation models, the main phytochemicals were found to be chlorogenic acid, rutin, quercetin and lower concentrations of caffeic and gallic acids (Araruna et al, 2014).…”