Atherogenic Indices and HDL Particle Size as Laboratory Parameters to Evaluate Cardiovascular Risk in the Presence of Dyslipidemia

Abstract

Dyslipidemia may influence enzymes and transfer proteins needed to the lipoprotein particle remodeling. Calculated indices and evaluation of lipoprotein particle size have widely been used to predict cardiovascular risk. The aim of this study was to evaluate HDL particle size and LDL particle size estimate based on TG/HDL-C as well as apoB/apoA-I ratio as possible marker and atherogenic indices, respectively, of cardiovascular disease risk in the presence of dyslipidemia. We evaluated 100 individuals of both gender, without treatment with lipid-lowering drugs, 27 normolipidemic and 73 dyslipidemic, such as isolated hypercholesterolemia (n = 16), isolated A. P. C. Santos et al. 25hypertriglyceridemia (n = 17), low HDL-C (n = 26) and mixed dyslipidemia (n = 14). The HDL particle size did not differ between groups. The TG/HDL-C ratio was higher in groups with isolated hypertriglyceridemia (4.2 ± 1.5), low HDL-C (5.2 ± 3.1) and mixed dyslipidemia (5.3 ± 1.6). The apoB/apoA-I ratio was increased in all groups of dyslipidemia (apoB/apoA-I > 0.5) when compared to normolipidemic (apoB/apoA-I = 0.5, p < 0.001). There was a positive linear correlation between the TG/HDL-C ratio and the apoB/apoA-I ratio in low HDL-C group (r = 0.507, p = 0.008, Spearman). The results suggest that the evaluations of lipoproteins particles remodeling markers and the use of calculated indices may contribute to the evaluation of cardiovascular disease risk when dyslipidemia take place.

Indicadores de aterogenicidad en la predicción del síndrome metabólico en adultos, Trujillo-Perú

“…En el presente estudio se observa que el índice TG/HDL-c es el mejor predictor de síndrome metabólico al utilizar los criterios del ALAD inclusive con un valor predictivo más alto que el encontrado por González 11 en Venezuela, Zhang 34 en adultos de Xinjiang (China) y que podría estar relacionado con la elevada proporción de personas con concentración alta de triglicéridos y bajos niveles de HDL (ambos por encima del 50%) observados en los adultos de la ciudad de Trujillo. Santos et al 35 indican que el índice TG/HDL-c estima la presencia de partículas de LDL densas y pequeñas (LDL sd) las cuales son más aterogénicas debido a su baja afinidad por el receptor de LDL y más susceptible a la oxidación que las LDL normal. Las proporciones de TG/HDL-c superiores a 2,00 son indicativas de LDLsd (partículas ≤25,5 nm), valor que es superado ligeramente por el punto de corte para síndrome metabólico de 2,23 encontrado en el grupo de adultos del presente estudio y que supone un alto riesgo de presentar una enfermedad cardiovascular.…”

Changes in serum amyloid A, plasma high-density lipoprotein cholesterol and apolipoprotein A-I as useful biomarkers for Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection

“…Changes in serum lipoprotein cholesterol in pulmonary TB patients are closely associated with important metabolic alterations [13]. The lipoproteins have constitutive components with both structural and metabolic characteristics, such as apolipoprotein (apo) A-I, apolipoprotein B, paraoxonase, phospholipid transfer protein, cholesterol ester transfer protein, lecithin:cholesterol acyltransferase, lipoprotein lipase and hepatic lipase, conferring particle stability and remodeling, and having antioxidant action.…”

HDL Particle Size and Functionality Comparison between Patients with and without Confirmed Acute Myocardial Infarction

“…The HDL heterogeneity is a consequence of the continuous particle structure remodeling by the interaction with several plasma factors. Remodeling can be defined as a set of processes that can change HDL size, surface charge, and particle composition [ 8 , 9 ]. HDL and its subclasses are currently separated by various methods, all based on physicochemical property's differences (e.g., density, size, electrophoretic mobility, and apolipoprotein content) which are determined by lipid and/or protein concentrations in different particles [ 8 ].…”