Asymmetry of the planum parietale

Jäncke, Lutz; Schlaug, Gottfried; Huang, Yanxiong; Steinmetz, Helmuth

doi:10.1097/00001756-199405000-00035

Cited by 141 publications

(86 citation statements)

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“…Subjects were 25 congenitally deaf individuals (14 women and 11 men, average age 23.8 years, SD 4.1, range [19][20][21][22][23][24][25][26][27][28][29][30][31][32][33][34][35][36][37][38] and 25 hearing individuals (14 women and 11 men, average age 28.5 years, SD 5.4, range 22-39). All were right-handed, with scores on the Oldfield-Geschwind Handedness Inventory of Ͼϩ90 (maximum right-handed score ϩ100).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A morphometric analysis of auditory brain regions in congenitally deaf adults

Emmorey

Allen

Bruss

et al. 2003

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

190

146

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We investigated whether variation in auditory experience in humans during development alters the macroscopic neuroanatomy of primary or auditory association cortices. Volumetric analyses were based on MRI data from 25 congenitally deaf subjects and 25 hearing subjects, all right-handed. The groups were matched for gender and age. Gray and white matter volumes were determined for the temporal lobe, superior temporal gyrus, Heschl's gyrus (HG), and the planum temporale. Deaf and hearing subjects did not differ in the total volume or the gray matter volume of HG, which suggests that auditory deafferentation does not lead to cell loss within primary auditory cortex in humans. However, deaf subjects had significantly larger gray matter-white matter ratios than hearing subjects in HG, with deaf subjects exhibiting significantly less white matter in both left and right HG. Deaf subjects also had higher gray matter-white matter ratios in the rest of the superior temporal gyrus, but this pattern was not observed for the temporal lobe as a whole. These findings suggest that auditory deprivation from birth results in less myelination and͞or fewer fibers projecting to and from auditory cortices. Finally, the volumes of planum temporale and HG were significantly larger in the left hemisphere for both groups, suggesting that leftward asymmetries within ''auditory'' cortices do not arise from experience with auditory processing.T he study of congenitally deaf adults provides a unique opportunity to investigate potential changes in neural organization and structure resulting from sensory deprivation. Animal studies have shown that congenital deafness produces degenerative changes in the central auditory pathway (1, 2). Degeneration in the central auditory system subsequent to profound hearing loss has also been reported in humans. For example, Moore and colleagues (3) observed cell size reductions in the cochlear nucleus of profoundly deaf adults. However, it is unclear whether auditory deprivation from birth results in degeneration of primary auditory cortex in either animals or humans. The pattern of subcortical projections to primary auditory cortex in congenitally deaf cats is similar to that of normally hearing cats (4, 5), suggesting that cortical auditory regions may continue to receive input from subcortical regions and might not exhibit degeneration. However, functional deficits are observed in synaptic activity and organization within auditory cortex (6), suggesting the possibility of variation in the structure of auditory cortex as a consequence of congenital deafness.We investigated whether congenital and profound hearing loss in humans results in reduced volume and͞or altered morphology of cortical brain regions involved in auditory processing. Specifically, we investigated whether lack of auditory input from birth affects gray matter (GM) and white matter (WM) volumes within primary auditory cortex [defined as the transverse gyrus of Heschl (7)], within auditory association cortex in the planum temporale (PT), or ...

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A morphometric analysis of auditory brain regions in congenitally deaf adults

Emmorey

Allen

Bruss

et al. 2003

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

190

146

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“…This merging of two neighbouring regions in the FreeSurfer-Destrieux atlas was done on the basis of reported cytoarchitectonic similarities between these two regions (Destrieux et al, 2010;Shapleske et al, 1999). However, the asymmetry of the PP was previously found to vary independently of that of the PT (Jancke, Schlaug, Huang, & Steinmetz, 1994), so that the FreeSurferDestrieux merging of these two regions provided a measure that was of limited utility for our further purposes. In addition, the sexual dimorphism of PT asymmetry was weaker for FreeSurfer-Destrieux than for HO, and only one of the SHIP datasets showed a significant effect of sex on PT asymmetry using the FreeSurfer-Destrieux definition (Supplementary Table B).…”

Section: Cortical Parcellation With Freesurfermentioning

confidence: 99%

Asymmetry within and around the human planum temporale is sexually dimorphic and influenced by genes involved in steroid hormone receptor activity

Guadalupe

Zwiers

Wittfeld

et al. 2015

Cortex

119

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The genetic determinants of cerebral asymmetries are unknown. Sex differences in asymmetry of the planum temporale, that overlaps Wernicke’s classical language area, have been inconsistently reported. Meta-analysis of previous studies has suggested that publication bias established this sex difference in the literature. Using probabilistic definitions of cortical regions we screened over the cerebral cortex for sexual dimorphisms of asymmetry in 2337 healthy subjects, and found the planum temporale to show the strongest sex-linked asymmetry of all regions, which was supported by two further datasets, and also by analysis with the Freesurfer package that performs automated parcellation of cerebral cortical regions. We performed a genome-wide association scan meta-analysis of planum temporale asymmetry in a pooled sample of 3095 subjects, followed by a candidate-driven approach which measured a significant enrichment of association in genes of the ´steroid hormone receptor activity´ and 'steroid metabolic process' pathways. Variants in the genes and pathways identified may affect the role of the planum temporale in language cognition

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“…Nonetheless, empirical evidence supporting presence of greater structural asymmetries in men compared to women are relatively well replicated in perisylvian brain regions (Wada et al, 1975;Witelson and Kigar, 1992;Kulynych et al, 1994;Good et al, 2001;Knaus et al, 2004), where sex effects have also been shown to be influenced by handedness (Witelson and Kigar, 1992;Jancke et al, 1994;Kulynych et al, 1994). Some evidence also suggests that sex influences hemispheric torque where greater degrees of right-frontal and leftoccipital width asymmetries have been observed in men compared to women using CT data (Bear et al, 1986).…”

Section: Sex Effectsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Welldocumented brain asymmetries identified in postmortem and imaging data include right frontal and left occipital hemispheric protrusions and petalias (LeMay, 1976;Chui and Damasio, 1980;Bear et al, 1986;Kertesz et al, 1990;Zilles et al, 1996), a leftward bias in the volume of the planum temporale, a posterior temporal lobe region and component of Wernicke's language area (Geschwind and Levitsky, 1968;Geschwind and Galaburda, 1985;Steinmetz, 1996;Shapleske et al, 1999), and hemispheric differences in Sylvian fissure (Galaburda et al, 1978;Ide et al, 1996;Thompson et al, 1998;Narr et al, 2001), planum parietale (Jancke et al, 1994) and parietal operculum (Habib et al, 1995) morphology. Asymmetries are also reported in anterior language-gifted cortices including the pars triangularis (Falzi et al, 1982;Foundas et al, 1998a;Amunts et al, 2003), the approximate site of Broca's area, the postcentral sulcus that marks primary sensory cortex (Hustler et al, 1998;Thompson et al, 1998;Narr et al, 2001), and motor cortex Zilles et al, 1996;Foundas et al, 1998b;Rademacher et al, 2001).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Although less frequently examined, handedness has been shown to influence structural asymmetries in perisylvian (Steinmetz et al, 1991;Jancke et al, 1994), anterior language (Falzi et al, 1982;Foundas et al, 1998a) and motor cortices Amunts et al, 2000) and to affect hemispheric torque (LeMay, 1977;Bear et al, 1986;Zilles et al, 1996). Handedness is linked with language lateralization, and in most right-handers asymmetries generally reflect a leftward bias.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Asymmetries of cortical shape: Effects of handedness, sex and schizophrenia

Narr¹,

Bilder²,

Lüders³

et al. 2007

NeuroImage

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Some evidence suggests that sex, handedness and disease processes associated with schizophrenia affect the magnitude and/or direction of structural brain asymmetries. There are mixed findings, however, on how these factors influence cerebral torque, when torque is assessed with linear or volumetric measurements. We obtained MRI data from 67 healthy (30 males, 10 non-dextrals) and 84 schizophrenia subjects (60 males; 16 non-dextrals) and applied cortical pattern matching to spatially relate and compare differences in the surface morphology of the two cerebral hemispheres at high spatial resolution. Asymmetry indices, computed at thousands of matched hemispheric locations, were used to examine effects of sex, handedness and schizophrenia on hemispheric shape asymmetries while controlling for age and the other factors. Highly significant and discriminative right-frontal and left parietal-occipital surface expansions and protrusions (petalias) were mapped within groups. Although hemispheric shape asymmetries appeared less pronounced within female non-dextrals, asymmetry indices were not shown to differ significantly across sex, hand preference or diagnosis, or to reveal interactions of handedness with sex or diagnosis. Our 3D maps of spatially detailed anterior and posterior hemispheric shape asymmetries reflect subtle geometric distortions in hemispheric surface morphology that cannot be characterized with 2D or volumetric methods. Inter-individual variations in hemispheric torque appear minimally influenced by sex, dextrality or disease status. Biological factors driving language dominance or other lateralized brain functions dissociable from handedness, may more closely relate to hemispheric shape asymmetries, while the lateralization of other discrete brain

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Asymmetry of the planum parietale

Cited by 141 publications

References 0 publications

A morphometric analysis of auditory brain regions in congenitally deaf adults

A morphometric analysis of auditory brain regions in congenitally deaf adults

Asymmetry within and around the human planum temporale is sexually dimorphic and influenced by genes involved in steroid hormone receptor activity

Asymmetries of cortical shape: Effects of handedness, sex and schizophrenia

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