Astrovirus Pathogenesis

Meliopoulos, Victoria A.; Schultz‐Cherry, Stacey

doi:10.1007/978-1-4614-4735-1_4

Cited by 9 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 69 publications

(16 reference statements)

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“…The biological role of the interaction of the HAstV capsid protein and the complement system remains to be elucidated. Among possible effects, this mechanism of immune evasion would inhibit the process of inflammatory cell migration to infected tissues, although some authors have additionally speculated that HAstV particles may bind C1q (or MBL) and use C1q receptors expressed on the cell surfaces for cellular entry or initial attachment (139). Besides its role on the pathophysiology of HAstV infection, the discovery of this peptide has inspired novel therapeutic options to treat complement-mediated diseases such as ABO-incompatible blood transfusion reactions, which result in acute intravascular hemolytic disease processes (136).…”

Section: Host Immune Responses and Control Of Infectionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Human Astroviruses

2014

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SUMMARY Human astroviruses (HAtVs) are positive-sense single-stranded RNA viruses that were discovered in 1975. Astroviruses infecting other species, particularly mammalian and avian, were identified and classified into the genera Mamastrovirus and Avastrovirus . Through next-generation sequencing, many new astroviruses infecting different species, including humans, have been described, and the Astroviridae family shows a high diversity and zoonotic potential. Three divergent groups of HAstVs are recognized: the classic ( MAstV 1 ), HAstV-MLB ( MAstV 6 ), and HAstV-VA/HMO ( MAstV 8 and MAstV 9 ) groups. Classic HAstVs contain 8 serotypes and account for 2 to 9% of all acute nonbacterial gastroenteritis in children worldwide. Infections are usually self-limiting but can also spread systemically and cause severe infections in immunocompromised patients. The other groups have also been identified in children with gastroenteritis, but extraintestinal pathologies have been suggested for them as well. Classic HAstVs may be grown in cells, allowing the study of their cell cycle, which is similar to that of caliciviruses. The continuous emergence of new astroviruses with a potential zoonotic transmission highlights the need to gain insights on their biology in order to prevent future health threats. This review focuses on the basic virology, pathogenesis, host response, epidemiology, diagnostic assays, and prevention strategies for HAstVs.

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Section: Host Immune Responses and Control Of Infectionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Human Astroviruses

2014

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“…Given the wider tissue tropism and disease spectrum of animal astroviruses (for a review see References [ 66 , 67 ]) together with their high zoonotic potential, close attention should be paid to the emergence of strains that could cause unexpected diseases in humans.…”

Section: Pathogenesis and Disease Spectrummentioning

confidence: 99%

Epidemiology of Classic and Novel Human Astrovirus: Gastroenteritis and Beyond

Bosch

Pintó

et al. 2017

Viruses

160

173

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Since they were identified in 1975, human astroviruses have been considered one of the most important agents of viral acute gastroenteritis in children. However, highly divergent astroviruses infecting humans have been recently discovered and associated with extra-intestinal infections. The report of cases of fatal meningitis and encephalitis, especially in immunocompromised individuals, has broadened their disease spectrum. Although zoonotic transmission among animal and human astroviruses has not been clearly recognized, the genetic similarity between some human and animal viruses makes it likely to occur. This review provides an update on the epidemiology of both classic and novel human astroviruses, and a comprehensive view on confirmed or potential association between astrovirus and human disease.

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“…Astrovirus have been found in adult healthy mink and ferrets [38][39] as well as in a wide range of animal species primary affecting young individuals where they appear to have acquired host-specificity [43][44]. In humans e.g., astrovirus symptoms of infection range from unapparent or very mild signs of diarrhea to less commonly vomiting, fever and even mortality in children, elderly and immune compromised people [45][46][47]. Thus, based on a general behavior of astrovirus, it is not unlikely that mink kits can host astrovirus without expressing obvious signs of diarrhea.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Investigation of the viral and bacterial microbiota in intestinal samples from mink (Neovison vison) with pre-weaning diarrhea syndrome using next generation sequencing

Birch

Ullman

Struve³

et al. 2018

PLoS ONE

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Pre-weaning diarrhea (PWD) in mink kits is a common multifactorial syndrome on commercial mink farms. Several potential pathogens such as astroviruses, caliciviruses, Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus delphini have been studied, but the etiology of the syndrome seems complex. In pooled samples from 38 diarrheic and 42 non-diarrheic litters, each comprising of intestinal contents from 2–3 mink kits from the same litter, the bacterial populations were studied using Illumina Next Generation Sequencing technology and targeted 16S amplicon sequencing. In addition, we used deep sequencing to determine and compare the viral intestinal content in 31 healthy non-diarrheic and 30 diarrheic pooled samples (2–3 mink kits from the same litter per pool). The results showed high variations in composition of the bacterial species between the pools. Enterococci, staphylococci and streptococci dominated in both diarrheic and non-diarrheic pools. However, enterococci accounted for 70% of the reads in the diarrheic group compared to 50% in the non-diarrheic group and this increase was at the expense of staphylococci and streptococci which together accounted for 45% and 17% of the reads in the non-diarrheic and diarrheic group, respectively. Moreover, in the diarrheic pools there were more reads assigned to Clostridia, Escherichia-Shigella and Enterobacter compared to the non-diarrheic pools. The taxonomically categorized sequences from the virome showed that the most prevalent viruses in all pools were caliciviruses and mamastroviruses (almost exclusively type 10). However, the numbers of reads assigned to caliciviruses were almost 3 times higher in the diarrheic pools compared the non-diarrheic pools and Sapporo-like caliciviruses were more abundant than the Norwalk-like caliciviruses. The results from this study have contributed to the insight into the changes in the intestinal microbiota associated with the PWD syndrome of mink.

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Astrovirus Pathogenesis

Cited by 9 publications

References 69 publications

Human Astroviruses

Human Astroviruses

Epidemiology of Classic and Novel Human Astrovirus: Gastroenteritis and Beyond

Investigation of the viral and bacterial microbiota in intestinal samples from mink (Neovison vison) with pre-weaning diarrhea syndrome using next generation sequencing

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