Associations between Feeding Behaviors Collected from an Automated Milk Feeder and Neonatal Calf Diarrhea in Group Housed Dairy Calves: A Case-Control Study

Conboy, Meridith H.; Winder, Charlotte B.; Cantor, Melissa C.; Costa, J.H.C.; Steele, M.A.; Medrano-Galarza, Catalina; Konigslow, T. E. von; Kerr, Amanda; Renaud, D.L.

doi:10.3390/ani12020170

Cited by 12 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 34 publications

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“…The spectrum of pathogenic microflora in different dairy farms is different, and therefore there is a problem of prevention and treatment of diarrhoea in calves (Conboy et al, 2022). Antibiotics and sulphonamides are usually used for this purpose, which are included by the World Health Organisation in the list of "highest priority" agents due to their danger to animal and human health.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Determination of the Therapeutic Effect of the Use of Bacillus Coagulans in Calf Dyspepsia

Шкромада¹,

Фотіна²,

BEREZOVSKYI³

et al. 2022

Scientific Horizons

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The relevance of this study lies in the use of the probiotic strain of the microorganism B. coagulans ALM 86 for the treatment of diarrhoea in dairy calves and the reduction of the use of antibiotics in animal husbandry. The purpose of this paper was to establish the therapeutic effect in the treatment of diarrhoea in calves, the composition of the microflora, physiological indicators and metabolism using Bacillus coagulans ALM 86. The study used the following methods: microbiological, microscopic, biochemical, physiological, statistical. Studies have shown that the use of B. coagulans ALM 86 contributes to a decrease in the number of opportunistic microflora E. coli – by 90.8%, S. aureus – by 92.4%, S. enterica – by 88.01, an increase in Lactobacillus sp. by 130.8–151.58% and Bifidobacterium sp. by 272.7–469.8%. Administration of B. coagulans ALM 86 at a concentration of 1×109, CFU/g at a dose of 3–5 g helped stop diarrhoea and accelerate the development of scar digestion for four days in dairy calves, compared to the group where the antibiotic was used. An increase in average daily growth and feed consumption was found in the first experimental group by 19.7–15.0%, in the second – by 23.4–19.9% (р≤0.05). A decrease in the level of total cholesterol with the use of B. coagulans ALM 86, an increase in the level of total protein by 18.57–22.6%, as a result of an increase in the content of total globulins by 49.3–57.37%, respectively (р≤0.05), were proven. Administration of B. coagulans ALM 86 at a concentration of 1×109, CFU/g at a dose of 3–5 g helped stop diarrhoea and accelerate the development of scar digestion for four days in dairy calves, compared to the group where the antibiotic was used. The obtained results of the study indicate the absence of toxic effects of the proposed dose of B. coagulans ALM 86 for the treatment of dyspepsia in calves and obtaining a positive effect. The practical value of the obtained results lies in the possibility of using B. coagulans ALM 86 in the treatment of diarrhoea in dairy calves without the use of antibiotics on animal farms of various designation.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Determination of the Therapeutic Effect of the Use of Bacillus Coagulans in Calf Dyspepsia

Шкромада¹,

Фотіна²,

BEREZOVSKYI³

et al. 2022

Scientific Horizons

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“…Early detection of sick calves kept in large groups may be difficult, so frequent and routine monitoring of calves is highly recommended (Van Metre et al., 2008 ). Strategies to detect these animals should include indicators collected by automated milk feeders (Borderas et al., 2009 ; Morrison et al., 2021 ; Conboy et al., 2022 ).…”

Section: Assessmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Welfare of calves

Nielsen¹,

Álvarez²,

Bicout³

et al. 2023

EFS2

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This Scientific Opinion addresses a European Commission request on the welfare of calves as part of the Farm to Fork strategy. EFSA was asked to provide a description of common husbandry systems and related welfare consequences, as well as measures to prevent or mitigate the hazards leading to them. In addition, recommendations on three specific issues were requested: welfare of calves reared for white veal (space, group housing, requirements of iron and fibre); risk of limited cow-calf contact; and animal-based measures (ABMs) to monitor on-farm welfare in slaughterhouses. The methodology developed by EFSA to address similar requests was followed. Fifteen highly relevant welfare consequences were identified, with respiratory disorders, inability to perform exploratory or foraging behaviour, gastroenteric disorders and group stress being the most frequent across husbandry systems. Recommendations to improve the welfare of calves include increasing space allowance, keeping calves in stable groups from an early age, ensuring good colostrum management and increasing the amounts of milk fed to dairy calves. In addition, calves should be provided with deformable lying surfaces, water via an open surface and long-cut roughage in racks. Regarding specific recommendations for veal systems, calves should be kept in small groups (2-7 animals) within the first week of life, provided with ~20 m 2 /calf and fed on average 1 kg neutral detergent fibre (NDF) per day, preferably using long-cut hay. Recommendations on cow-calf contact include keeping the calf with the dam for a minimum of 1 day post-partum. Longer contact should progressively be implemented, but research is needed to guide this implementation in practice. The ABMs body condition, carcass condemnations, abomasal lesions, lung lesions, carcass colour and bursa swelling may be collected in slaughterhouses to monitor on-farm welfare but should be complemented with behavioural ABMs collected on farm.

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“…Conboy et al [ 39 ], in a cross-sectional study involving 523 observations, reported a 63% reduction in daily milk intake of calves with bovine respiratory disease (BRD) and 57% in calves with neonatal calf diarrhoea (NCD). In another study, calves with NCD had a significative decrease in milk intake on the day of diagnosis, 5 days after (observed daily by faecal consistency), and a tendency for −1 d ( p = 0.09); as for rewarded visits, diarrheic calves presented fewer visits at −1 d and 0 d than healthy calves, but more visits at 3 d and a tendency at 4 d [ 40 ]. Moreover, the parallel sensitivity and specificity on the day of diagnosis using milk intake and rewarded visits were not satisfactory (Se of 69% and Sp of 22%).…”

Section: Technological Applications To Monitor Calves’ Health and Wel...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Literature Review on Technological Applications to Monitor and Evaluate Calves’ Health and Welfare

Silva

Conceição

Pereira

et al. 2023

Animals

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Precision livestock farming (PLF) research is rapidly increasing and has improved farmers’ quality of life, animal welfare, and production efficiency. PLF research in dairy calves is still relatively recent but has grown in the last few years. Automatic milk feeding systems (AMFS) and 3D accelerometers have been the most extensively used technologies in dairy calves. However, other technologies have been emerging in dairy calves’ research, such as infrared thermography (IRT), 3D cameras, ruminal bolus, and sound analysis systems, which have not been properly validated and reviewed in the scientific literature. Thus, with this review, we aimed to analyse the state-of-the-art of technological applications in calves, focusing on dairy calves. Most of the research is focused on technology to detect and predict calves’ health problems and monitor pain indicators. Feeding and lying behaviours have sometimes been associated with health and welfare levels. However, a consensus opinion is still unclear since other factors, such as milk allowance, can affect these behaviours differently. Research that employed a multi-technology approach showed better results than research focusing on only a single technique. Integrating and automating different technologies with machine learning algorithms can offer more scientific knowledge and potentially help the farmers improve calves’ health, performance, and welfare, if commercial applications are available, which, from the authors’ knowledge, are not at the moment.

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Associations between Feeding Behaviors Collected from an Automated Milk Feeder and Neonatal Calf Diarrhea in Group Housed Dairy Calves: A Case-Control Study

Cited by 12 publications

References 34 publications

Determination of the Therapeutic Effect of the Use of Bacillus Coagulans in Calf Dyspepsia

Determination of the Therapeutic Effect of the Use of Bacillus Coagulans in Calf Dyspepsia

Welfare of calves

Literature Review on Technological Applications to Monitor and Evaluate Calves’ Health and Welfare

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