Associations between adolescent socioeducational status and use of snus and smoking

Øverland, Simon; Tjora, Tore; Hetland, Jørn; Aarø, Leif Edvard

doi:10.1136/tc.2009.034512

Cited by 31 publications

(37 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…An explanation might be the high prevalence of snus use among men in Norway and Sweden [29,30], which may be a substitute for both occasional and daily smoking. One should also note that the snus users represent a more resourceful group (by having higher social status and/or higher education) than the daily smokers [31]. Further, a previous study from Norway reported that a combination of daily snus use and nondaily smoking among men was common [26].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nondaily smoking: a population-based, longitudinal study of stability and predictors

Kvaavik¹,

Soest

Pedersen

2014

BMC Public Health

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BackgroundNondaily smoking appears to have remained stable in Western countries in recent years, alongside a steep decline in daily smoking. Nondaily smoking increases the risk of several diseases and premature mortality, but our knowledge about nondaily smoking is limited. The present study was designed to examine the stability of nondaily smoking during young adulthood, and to identify adolescent factors predictive of nondaily smoking compared with nonsmoking and non-nicotine-dependent and nicotine-dependent daily smoking.MethodsA population-based sample (n = 942) of Norwegians was followed up by surveys for 13 years, from adolescence to young adulthood. Information about smoking patterns, nicotine dependence, school achievement, parents’ and peers’ smoking, and parental monitoring was collected. Data on parental and participants’ education were obtained from a national register.ResultsOf all nondaily smokers at age 21 years, 26% were still nondaily smokers at 27 years, while 17% had become daily smokers and 57% had quit. Bivariate analyses revealed that young adult nondaily smokers did not differ from nonsmokers on any of the included variables, while a number of differences in parental, peers’ and individual characteristics were observed between nondaily smokers and the two categories of smokers in young adulthood. Longitudinal analyses revealed that unorganized leisure time activities and peers’ smoking differentiated nondaily smoking from nonsmoking. Higher educational achievement and less parental binge drinking predicted nondaily smoking and differentiated it from both categories of daily smoking.ConclusionsThe degree of nondaily smoking-stability from 21 to 27 years of age was modest, and most nondaily smokers quit smoking in the course of young adulthood. Young adult nondaily smokers were quite similar to nonsmokers, but differed substantially from both nicotine-dependent and nondependent daily smokers. The study suggests that nondaily smoking—at least in the absence of traditional risk factors for smoking—is usually a transitory behavior, with most people returning to nonsmoking.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nondaily smoking: a population-based, longitudinal study of stability and predictors

Kvaavik¹,

Soest

Pedersen

2014

BMC Public Health

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“…Test market surveys indicate that the product has substantial potential for attracting users [2], and early figures suggest that 29% of young male adults have tried snus during the last year [3]. Snus has been widely available for decades in Sweden and Norway, but its use has increased further in later years, particularly among young adults [4,5], so that in both these countries snus use is now about as common as smoking among men. In young women, prevalence of snus use has increased from negligible levels to near 5% in a few years [4,5].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 97%

“…Snus has been widely available for decades in Sweden and Norway, but its use has increased further in later years, particularly among young adults [4,5], so that in both these countries snus use is now about as common as smoking among men. In young women, prevalence of snus use has increased from negligible levels to near 5% in a few years [4,5]. In light of the increasing prevalence of snus use where it is available, and its introduction to new markets, research on snus use and health becomes increasingly relevant.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Snus use and cardiovascular risk factors in the general population: the HUNT3 study

et al. 2013

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“…However, without neglecting the powerful impact of parental SES, indicators such as adolescent educational aspiration, educational achievement or the type of school attended may more accurately describe adolescents’ current and future SES [22,23,24]. Studies that directly compared the impact of various SES measures on adolescent smoking behaviour suggest that parental SES indicators seem to be less strongly associated with adolescent smoking behaviour than are adolescent SES indicators [11,13,15,23,24,25,26,27,28,29,30].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Educational Differences in Smoking among Adolescents in Germany: What is the Role of Parental and Adolescent Education Levels and Intergenerational Educational Mobility?

Kuntz

Lampert

2013

IJERPH

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Background: Adolescence is the period in which smoking onset usually occurs and the course for future socioeconomic status (SES) is set. However, because of the transitional nature of adolescence, it is questionable whether health inequalities are best measured by indicators of parental SES or rather by indicators of the adolescents’ own developing SES. We examine the independent effects of parental and adolescent education and intergenerational educational mobility on adolescent smoking behaviour while controlling for differences in parental and close friends’ smoking behaviour. Methods: The study is based on data from a subsample (12–17 years, n = 5,053) of the nationally representative German Health Interview and Examination Survey for Children and Adolescents (KiGGS). Participants reported their education level as well as their personal and close friends’ smoking behaviour. Information on parental education and smoking behaviour was obtained via parent interviews. Adolescent and parental education data were dichotomized (low/high), leading to four categories of intergenerational educational mobility: stable high, potentially upwardly mobile, potentially downwardly mobile, and stable low. Results: After adjustment for parental and close friends’ smoking behaviour, adolescent smoking habits were strongly related to their personal education level, but not that of their parents. Among boys, both stable low and downwardly mobile adolescents had a 2.7-fold increased risk of being a smoker compared with peers with a stable high education. Among girls, only those with a stable low education had a 2.2-fold increased risk of smoking. Among both genders, educational upward mobility was associated with significantly lower smoking rates compared with peers with a stable low education (boys: OR 0.32; 95% CI 0.20–0.53; girls: OR 0.52; 95% CI 0.37–0.73). Conclusions: Our results show that the risk of an adolescent smoking is influenced by their own education level rather than that of their parents. Educational upward mobility seems to be protective against becoming a smoker in youth. Boys who experience downward mobility tend to have a significantly higher inclination to smoke than their peers with a stable high education. These findings illustrate the potential public health benefits of investments in education and help identify high-risk groups for smoking onset.

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Associations between adolescent socioeducational status and use of snus and smoking

Cited by 31 publications

References 27 publications

Nondaily smoking: a population-based, longitudinal study of stability and predictors

Nondaily smoking: a population-based, longitudinal study of stability and predictors

Snus use and cardiovascular risk factors in the general population: the HUNT3 study

Educational Differences in Smoking among Adolescents in Germany: What is the Role of Parental and Adolescent Education Levels and Intergenerational Educational Mobility?

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