Association of pleomorphic adenoma gene 1 with body weight and measurement of Bali cattle (Bos javanicus)

Abstract

Background and Aim: Pleomorphic adenoma gene 1 (PLAG1) encodes a multifunctional transcription factor that controls many genes and pathways and is associated with cattle body weight and measurements. This study aimed to evaluate the association between PLAG1 polymorphisms with body weight and measurements in Bali cattle. Materials and Methods: A total of 87 Bali cattle, consisting of 48 bulls and 39 heifers at the Breeding Center for Bali Cattle, were used as the population in this study. Cattle were 2 years old and kept semi-intensively in the pasture. Phenotype data consisting of body weight, withers height, body length, chest girth, waist height, and chest depth were measured. Birth weight data were obtained from birth records, and weight gain, adjusted weaning weight, and yearling weight were calculated using formulas. Blood samples were taken from the jugular vein as much as 5 mL, and genomic DNA was isolated using the salting-out method. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was performed to amplify three target polymorphisms, namely, g.48308 C>T, g.32212 (19 bp indel), and g.45233 T>C. The presence of a 19 bp indel was determined by direct observation of the PCR product on a 2% agarose gel. Two other polymorphisms were detected by PCR-restriction fragment length polymorphism using the restriction endonuclease enzymes SacII and BclI. PLAG1 genotype and phenotype associations were analyzed using a general linear model. Results: The results showed that two of the target polymorphisms in PLAG1 did not vary. The DD genotype indicated by 123 bp of PCR product was the only genotype identified for g.32212 19 bp indel, and TT genotype was the only genotype found for g.45233 T>C single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP). Conversely, g.48308 C>T SNP was found to be polymorphic. In addition, the g.48308 C>T polymorphism of PLAG1 was significantly associated with body length of Bali cattle. Cattle with the CC genotype had a greater body length than the other two genotypes. Conclusion: The g.48308 C>T SNP in PLAG1 was associated with Bali cattle body length characteristics. This finding could be used as a basis for selecting Bali cattle based on body length characteristics.

Polymorphisms of the PLAG1 and their relationships with body measurements and carcass traits of Ongole crossbred cattle

“…CC, TC, and TT genotypes (Figure 1). Similar results were also found in Qinchuan cattle and Bali cattle [10,13]. In term of 19 bp indel in unproductive Kebumen PO cattle used in this study were only two genotypes found, i.e.…”

“…Non-significant effect in this study may be due to different population and cattle breeds used compared to previous reports. As reported in previous study, 19 bp indel mutation is located on intron 3 of the PLAG1 [13]. It is known that mutations in introns also affect protein expression by influencing the mRNA splicing process in these genes [18].…”

“…Significant results can be caused by the population of cattle used is larger than the population used in this study. A significant effect between g.48308C>T SNP and body length was also found in Bali cattle [13]. The difference in significance level of the influence of g.48308C>T SNP with growth characteristics, body weight, and carcass weight can be caused by genetic, environmental, and interaction factors between the two.…”

Identification of the PLAG1 polymorphisms in Peranakan Ongole cattle population

“…The g.48308 C>T SNP is a polymorphism located in 3' untranslated region (3'UTR) and the size of PCR products to identify this SNP is in accordance to previous study reported by Zhong et al [9]. Additionally, g.45233 T>C SNP located in exon 4 of PLAG1 was successfully amplified and the PCR product size was similar with Cahyadi et al [8]. Specific DNA bands is produced only when all reaction components working simultaneously and in optimum condition [15].…”

“…These three genes have homolog structure but different functions [7]. Recently, Cahyadi et al [8] identified a single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) of the PLAG1 and its significant association with body length of Bali cattle. The same SNP, g.48308 C>T SNP, is also associated with body height and chest girth of five cattle breeds in China [9].…”