Association of p53 rs1042522, MDM2 rs2279744 and p21 rs1801270 polymorphisms with retinoblastoma risk and invasion in a Chinese population

Chen, Rongxin; Liu, Shu; Ye, Huijing; Li, Jiali; Du, Yi; Chen, Lingyan; Liu, Xiaoman; Ding, Yuan; Li, Qian; Mao, Yuxiang; Ai, Siming; Zhang, Ping; Ma, Wenfang; Yang, Huasheng

doi:10.1038/srep13300

Cited by 36 publications

(41 citation statements)

References 56 publications

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“…[ 83 ] It was observed from XPS spectra that there is very slight difference of Cu 2p spectra between AuCu and AuCu 3 , indicative of no visible charge transfer between Au and Cu, which is at odds with our general knowledge that Au is the most electronegative and electronwithdrawing metal. [ 18,102,103 ] Lattice strain effect, generated as a consequence of intrinsic twinned structure as well as lattice mismatch between core and shell metals, is regarded as the only infl uencing factor able to spread along several atomic layers to the particle surface. This change is reasonably attributed to the shielding effect, because Au 5d orbitals lose charge and 6sp orbitals gain charge, which speaks to stronger shielding effect imposed on 4f orbitals from localized 5d electrons; therefore, the ascending of d-band center induced by charge loss in d band causes even higher electron binding energy of 4f orbital.…”

Section: Tuning Of Bimetallic Catalystsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Non‐Pt Nanostructured Catalysts for Oxygen Reduction Reaction: Synthesis, Catalytic Activity and its Key Factors

Xia

Chen

et al. 2016

Advanced Energy Materials

168

107

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caused by electrochemical polarization, Ohmic polarization and mass transport polarization. [ 4 ] The electrochemical reaction occurring on the cathode is oxygen reduction reaction (ORR). It is kinetically much more sluggish as compared to anode reaction, thereby calling for effi cient ORR catalysts. [ 1 ] Basically for ORR catalysis there are two main pathways, i.e., direct 4e pathway (O 2 + 4H + + 4e − → 2H 2 O) and 2 by 2e pathway (O 2 + 2H + + 2e → H 2 O 2 , H 2 O 2 + 2H + + 2e → 2H 2 O), the latter of which ends up with H 2 O 2 generation in 2-electron pathway or H 2 O generation in 4-electron pathway, making the 4-electron pathway more efficient and desirable. [ 1,5 ] In the past few decades, Pt catalysts have been considered to be the best catalysts; however, typical problems facing Pt, including unsatisfactory long-term durability due to dissolution, methanol crossover and CO poisoning, are hindrances to mass application of PEMFC and make it a nontrivial issue to develop some novel cathode electrocatalysts. [ 6,7 ] Moreover, around half of the cost of PEMFC power system is the fuel cell stack cost, a large proportion of which stems from expensive Pt catalysts; unlike other stack components, Pt catalyst cost seems to be less affected by economies of sale due to the scarcity and increasing demand of Pt. [ 8 ] Many strategies have therefore been proposed to address these challenges. They can reasonably be classifi ed into two types, i.e., lowering the Pt concentration by mixing Pt with other metals to form Pt-based alloys [ 7,9 ] or Pt-skin/skeleton surface structures, [ 10,11 ] and developing non-Pt catalysts [ 12 ] or even metalfree catalysts. [ 13 ] Recently, a wide variety of non-Pt ORR catalysts have been intensively studied as substitutes for state-ofthe-art Pt or Pt-based catalysts. Monometallic catalysts such as Au, Ag with tunable particle size, morphology and preferential surface orientation have attracted growing attention due to their enhanced activities; in particular, monometallic catalysts supported on graphene or its derivatives are shown to have extraordinary catalytic performance and long-term durability since graphene, with its sp 2 -hybridized honeycomb structure, enhances mass transport and electron transfer, and the synergetic coupling between monometallic catalysts and graphene supports prevents the occurrence of particle dissolution and aggregation. [ 6,14 ] Similarly, metal chalcogenides grown on (heteroatom-doped) graphenes have noticeably higher ORR activities relative to unsupported counterparts due to the Pt-based electrocatalysts for the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) are the topic of extensive and intensive research since a few decades. Nevertheless, the scarcity of these Pt-based electrocatalysts, their high cost and unsatisfactory durability are the primary hindrances to their further commercialization. In recent years, non-Pt electrocatalysts have garnered considerable interest as alternatives to Pt-based catalysts for the ORR. This review highlights the synthesis, catalyti...

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Section: Tuning Of Bimetallic Catalystsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Non‐Pt Nanostructured Catalysts for Oxygen Reduction Reaction: Synthesis, Catalytic Activity and its Key Factors

Xia

Chen

et al. 2016

Advanced Energy Materials

168

107

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“…The enhancement of catalytic performance and possible discovery of unique properties is still the main force driving the designing of novel nano-catalysts and sub-nanometre cluster catalysts. The Pd-Au bimetallic system, for example, exhibits high durability and catalytic activity for many interesting chemical reactions, such as the electro-oxidation of ethanol [17,18], the Suzuki coupling reaction [19], and the oxygen reduction reaction [20].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Application of a parallel genetic algorithm to the global optimization of medium-sized Au–Pd sub-nanometre clusters

2018

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Abstract. To contribute to the discussion of the high activity and reactivity of Au-Pd system, we have adopted the BPGA-DFT approach to study the structural and energetic properties of medium-sized AuPd sub-nanometre clusters with 11-18 atoms. We have examined the structural behaviour and stability as a function of cluster size and composition. The study suggests 2D-3D crossover points for pure Au clusters at 14 and 16 atoms, whereas pure Pd clusters are all found to be 3D. For Au-Pd nanoalloys, the role of cluster size and the influence of doping were found to be extensive and non-monotonic in altering cluster structures. Various stability criteria (e.g. binding energies, second differences in energy, and mixing energies) are used to evaluate the energetics, structures, and tendency of segregation in sub-nanometre Au-Pd clusters. HOMO-LUMO gaps were calculated to give additional information on cluster stability and a systematic homotop search was used to evaluate the energies of the generated global minima of monosubstituted clusters and the preferred doping sites, as well as confirming the validity of the BPGA-DFT approach.

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“…30 Furthermore, Akulevich et al found the correlation of rs1042522 with the higher risk of radiogenic PTC in Caucasians (OR = 1.80, 95% CI 1.06-2.36). 17 The protective effects of GC (Arg/Pro) genotype against retinoblastoma 21 and C (Pro) allele against endometrial cancer 31 and colorectal cancer 32 have been reported previously. Dehghan et al found no significant difference between Arg72pro genotypes in Iranian patients with differentiated thyroid cancer and control group.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 75%

“…It has been shown that C > A substitution in rs1059234 at codon 31 of the P21 protein (nonsynonymous serine-toarginine substitution, p.Ser31Arg) alters DNA binding of zinc finger motif and expression of P21. 21 Also, the rs1059234 polymorphism, in the 3'untranslated region of P21 affects mRNA stability and alters the level of protein expression and is implicated in the proliferation, differentiation, and tumor inhibition. 19 In this study, we analyzed TP53-rs1042522, P21-rs1801270, and P21-rs1059234 polymorphisms in southeast Iranian PTC patients and control group.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The effect of TP53 and P21 gene polymorphisms on papillary thyroid carcinoma susceptibility and clinical/pathological features

et al. 2020

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Papillary thyroid cancer (PTC) is the most common thyroid malignancy. Genetic polymorphisms of the TP53 and P21 genes are the candidate variants in various cancers development. This study investigated whether the polymorphisms in TP53 (rs1042522) and P21 (rs1059234 and rs1801270) affect the risk of PTC and whether such the genotype of these polymorphisms is associated with pathological and clinical characteristics of PTC. A case–control study was conducted with 286 Iranian people, including 131 PTC cases and 155 healthy controls. The genetic polymorphisms were investigated by the polymerase chain reaction‐restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR‐RFLP). Our results suggested that TP53‐rs1042522 CC genotype was significantly associated with protection against PTC, in the dominant, recessive and allelic models (OR = 0.4, 95%CI: 0.2–0.8, P = .008; OR = 0.5, 95%CI: 0.3–0.9, P = .01; OR = 0.6, 95%CI: 0.4–0.8, P = .002, respectively). The rs1042522 was associated with PTC patients with tumor size greater than 1 cm in dominant and recessive models (OR = 0.2, 95%CI = 0.04–0.9, P = .04 and OR = 0.3, 95%CI = 0.1–0.7, P = .009, respectively) and was associated with vascular invasion in dominant model (OR = 0.3, 95%CI = 0.1–0.7, P = .01). No correlation was identified between P21 rs1059234 and rs1801270 polymorphisms and risk of PTC and pathological and clinical characteristics of PTC. Genetic variations in rs1042522 might alter the PTC risk, which could affect tumor size and cause lower incidence of vascular invasion in PTC cases. This was the first report suggesting that no correlation was found between P21 rs1059234 and rs1801270 polymorphisms and PTC risk. Thus, more studies with a larger population size and different ethnic groups and functional assays are needed to confirm our results.

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Association of p53 rs1042522, MDM2 rs2279744 and p21 rs1801270 polymorphisms with retinoblastoma risk and invasion in a Chinese population

Cited by 36 publications

References 56 publications

Non‐Pt Nanostructured Catalysts for Oxygen Reduction Reaction: Synthesis, Catalytic Activity and its Key Factors

Non‐Pt Nanostructured Catalysts for Oxygen Reduction Reaction: Synthesis, Catalytic Activity and its Key Factors

Application of a parallel genetic algorithm to the global optimization of medium-sized Au–Pd sub-nanometre clusters

The effect of TP53 and P21 gene polymorphisms on papillary thyroid carcinoma susceptibility and clinical/pathological features

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