Association of hypertriglyceridemia with insulin resistance in healthy Miniature Schnauzers

Xenoulis, Panagiotis G.; Levinski, Melinda D; Suchodolski, Jan S.; Steiner, Jörg M.

doi:10.2460/javma.238.8.1011

Cited by 26 publications

(40 citation statements)

References 29 publications

(67 reference statements)

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“…Caution must be exercised in the interpretation of biochemical results in patients with moderate to severe lipemia, since it may interfere with the measurement of certain biochemical variables, including ALP, ALT, lipase, electrolytes, proteins, albumin, and glucose (Xenoulis and Steiner, 2010). Interestingly, hypertriglyceridemia was recently associated with increased insulin resistance in a study of breed-associated hypertriglyceridemia in healthy Miniature Schnauzers (Xenoulis et al, 2011).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…DM is an important risk factor for the development of acute pancreatitis (Hess et al, 1999) and although the pathogenesis is not completely understood, a recent study provided evidence supporting a possible association between hypertriglyceridemia, a common occurrence in DM, and pancreatic inflammation (Xenoulis et al, 2011). Therefore, pancreatitis should always be assumed to co-exist in dogs with DK-DKA until proven otherwise (Feldman and Nelson, 2004).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Canine Diabetic Ketosis-Ketoacidosis: A Retrospective Study of 23 Cases (1997-2013)

Kasabalis

Chouzouris

Timiou

et al. 2018

J Hellenic Vet Med Soc

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ABSTRACT. The purpose of this retrospective study was to describe the historical and clinical findings, the clinicopathological abnormalities, the occurrence and nature of concurrent diseases, the treatment and outcome of 23 dogs with diabetic ketosisketoacidosis (DK-DKA). Inclusion criteria consisted of the presence of clinical signs suggestive of diabetes mellitus (DM) along with persistent hyperglycemia, glycosuria and ketonuria during the first 24 hours of hospitalization. In nineteen dogs (83%) DM had not been previously diagnosed. Common presenting complaints were polyuria/polydipsia (100%), partial or complete loss of appetite (87%), depression (87%), vomiting (65 %) and weight loss (30 %). The most frequent physical examination findings included dehydration (61%), depression (61%), hypotrichosis-alopecia (39%), palpable cranial abdominal organomegaly (26%), pendulous abdomen (26%), lesions compatible with superficial pyoderma (17%), thin and hypotonic abdominal skin (17%), and hypothermia (17%). The most important clinicopathological abnormalities, apart from hyperglycemia, glucosuria, and ketonuria, included anemia (48%), leukocytosis (39%), increased activities of alkaline phosphatase (100%), lipase (56%) and alanine aminotransferase (52%), hypertriglyceridemia (90%) and hypercholesterolemia (84%). Also, 12 dogs demonstrated hypokalemia on admission or during hospitalization. A concurrent disease was identified in 74% of the cases while 26% had two or more comorbidities. The latter included pancreatitis (30%), urinary tract infections (17%), superficial pyoderma (17%), urolithiasis (13%) and hyperadrenocorticism (13%). Twenty two dogs were treated with short-acting insulin (regular or lispro) and one with intermediate-acting (lente) insulin, whereas intravenous fluid therapy was instituted in 78% of them with potassium and phosphorus supplementation in 65% and 9%, respectively. Seventeen (81%) dogs survived to be discharged, three (13%) died during hospitalization, one (4%) was euthanized and on two (9%) occasions owners declined hospitalization after the first 24 hours due to financial constrains or a poor prognosis. Mean duration of hospitalization for the survivors was 5.7 ± 2.4 days, mean time to resolution of ketonuria was 4.2 ± 1.9 days and median time of rapid-acting insulin administration was 4 days (range 2-8 days).

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Canine Diabetic Ketosis-Ketoacidosis: A Retrospective Study of 23 Cases (1997-2013)

Kasabalis

Chouzouris

Timiou

et al. 2018

J Hellenic Vet Med Soc

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…diabetes mellitus, hypothyroidism) and use of certain drugs that can cause hyperlipidaemia are excluded, −hypertriglyceridemia and hypercholesterolaemia occur infrequently (18 and 24%, respectively) as a possible result of pancreatitis and are typically mild (Xenoulis et al . ,). Therefore, fasting hyperlipidaemia (especially when severe) in dogs with pancreatitis likely reflects concurrent primary hyperlipidaemia or hyperlipidaemia secondary to other causes (e.g.…”

Section: Causes Of Canine Hyperlipidaemiamentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In a recent study, almost 30% of Miniature Schnauzers with primary hypertriglyceridaemia had evidence of insulin resistance as determined by serum insulin concentration (Xenoulis et al . ,). This might have an implication on glycaemic control in dogs with hypertriglyceridaemia and concurrent diabetes mellitus.…”

Section: Clinical Importance Of Hyperlipidaemia In Dogsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Canine hyperlipidaemia

Xenoulis¹,

Steiner

2015

J of Small Animal Practice

101

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Hyperlipidaemia refers to an increased concentration of lipids in the blood. Hyperlipidaemia is common in dogs and has recently emerged as an important clinical condition that requires a systematic diagnostic approach and appropriate treatment. Hyperlipidaemia can be either primary or secondary to other diseases. Secondary hyperlipidaemia is the most common form in dogs, and it can be a result of endocrine disorders, pancreatitis, cholestasis, protein‐losing nephropathy, obesity, as well as other conditions and the use of certain drugs. Primary hyperlipidaemia is less common in the general canine population but it can be very common within certain breeds. Hypertriglyceridaemia of Miniature Schnauzers is the most common form of primary hyperlipidaemia in dogs but other breeds are also affected. Possible complications of hyperlipidaemia in dogs include pancreatitis, liver disease, atherosclerosis, ocular disease and seizures. Management of primary hyperlipidaemia in dogs is achieved by administration of ultra low‐fat diets with or without the administration of lipid lowering drugs such as omega‐3 fatty acids, fibrates, niacin and statins.

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“…The disorder has been associated with pancreatitis (Xenoulis et al, 2010, 2011a), gall bladder mucoceles (Kutsunai et al, 2014), ocular lipid deposits (Crispin, 1993; Zarfoss and Dubielzig, 2007) and neurological abnormalities (Rogers et al, 1975; Bodkin, 1992). Miniature schnauzers with HTG have higher serum liver enzyme activities and fasting serum insulin concentrations than those without HTG (Xenoulis et al, 2008, 2011b). …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Proteinuria and lipoprotein lipase activity in Miniature Schnauzer dogs with and without hypertriglyceridemia

Furrow

Jaeger

Parker

et al. 2016

The Veterinary Journal

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Spontaneous hyperlipidemia in rats causes glomerular disease. Idiopathic hypertriglyceridemia (HTG) is prevalent in Miniature schnauzers, but its relationship with proteinuria is unknown. Decreased activity of major lipid metabolism enzymes, lipoprotein lipase (LPL) and hepatic lipase (HL), may play a role in the cyclic relationship between hyperlipidemia and proteinuria. These enzymes have also not been previously investigated in Miniature shnauzers. The aims of this study were to determine the relationship between HTG and proteinuria in Miniature schnauzers and to measure LPL and HL activities in a subset of dogs. Fifty-seven Miniature schnauzers were recruited (34 with and 23 without HTG). Fasting serum triglyceride concentrations and urine protein-to-creatinine ratios (UPC) were measured in all dogs, and LPL and HL activities were determined in 17 dogs (8 with and 9 without HTG). There was a strong positive correlation between triglyceride concentration and UPC (r = 0.77–0.83, P < 0.001). Proteinuria (UPC ≥ 0.5) was present in 60% of dogs with HTG and absent from all dogs without HTG (P < 0.001). Proteinuric dogs were not azotemic or hypoalbuminemic. Dogs with HTG had a 65% reduction in LPL activity relative to dogs without HTG (P < 0.001); HL activity did not differ. Proteinuria occurs with HTG in Miniature schnauzers and could be due to lipid-induced glomerular injury. Reduced LPL activity may contribute to the severity of HTG, but further assay validation is required.

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Association of hypertriglyceridemia with insulin resistance in healthy Miniature Schnauzers

Abstract: Results indicated that hypertriglyceridemia in Miniature Schnauzers is often associated with insulin resistance. Further studies are needed to determine the prevalence and clinical importance of insulin resistance in hypertriglyceridemic Miniature Schnauzers.

Cited by 26 publications

References 29 publications

Canine Diabetic Ketosis-Ketoacidosis: A Retrospective Study of 23 Cases (1997-2013)

Canine Diabetic Ketosis-Ketoacidosis: A Retrospective Study of 23 Cases (1997-2013)

Canine hyperlipidaemia

Proteinuria and lipoprotein lipase activity in Miniature Schnauzer dogs with and without hypertriglyceridemia

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