Association of Gastric Myoelectrical Activity With Ghrelin, Gastrin, and Irisin in Adults With Metabolically Healthy and Unhealthy Obesity

Abstract

Background and Objective: Functional disturbances of gastric myoelectrical activity (GMA) might exist in obesity. However, studies on its association with the gastric hormones in obesity phenotypes are lacking. The objective was to study the association of GMA with the serum levels of key gastric hormones in different obesity phenotypes.Methods: A total of 139 adults (31.00 ± 11.12 years) were classified into different metabolic phenotypes of obesity: 1) normal weight-lean (NWL group): BMI <25 kg/m2 and the fat-mass index (FMI) ≤9.7 kg/m2 in females and ≤6.3 kg/m2 in males; 2) metabolically obese normal weight (MONW group): BMI <25 kg/m2 and FMI >9.7 kg/m2 in females and >6.3 kg/m2 in males; 3) metabolically healthy obese (MHO group): BMI ≥25 and FMI ≤9.7 kg/m2 in females and ≤6.3 kg/m2 in males; and 4) metabolically unhealthy obese (MUO group): BMI ≥25 and FMI >9.7 kg/m2 in females and >6.3 kg/m2 in males. The GMA was measured at the baseline and post-prandial state using a multichannel electrogastrography with a water load satiety test. The average power distribution by the frequency region and the average dominant frequency were used for analysis. Anthropometric measurements and bioelectric impedance analysis were performed to calculate the FMI and fat-free mass index (FFMI). Serum levels of ghrelin, gastrin, and irisin were measured by ELISA kits according to the manufacturer’s protocol.Results: Compared to the NWL group, gastrin and ghrelin levels were significantly low in the MUO participants, while irisin was significantly high. The EGG showed significantly lower baseline and 20-min normogastria frequencies in the MHO and MUO groups. In the MHO group, baseline duodenal frequency was positively correlated with the gastrin level, while normogastria times were positively associated with the irisin level and negatively associated with the ghrelin level. In the MUO group, percentages of bradygastria frequencies at 10, 20, and 30 min were positively correlated with the BMI and FFMI. This bradygastria was correlated positively with the irisin level and negatively with the ghrelin level.Conclusion: The EGG patterns might be associated with obesity-related gastric hormones in different obesity phenotypes. EGG may be a promising clinical tool in obesity assessment. The association of the EGG patterns with hormonal levels needs further investigation for potential practical uses.

Electrogastrography in patients with gastric motility disorders

“…Cutaneous electrogastrography has not yet been able to identify the exact diseases, but it also attempts to correlate the changes observed in various unexplained gastric diseases with the gastric electrical rhythm and the effect of drugs on the gastrointestinal tract. In the literature, EGG has been sporadically studied in cancer patients, 2,25 brain death or coma patients, 26 gastroparesis patients, 9,13,27 functional dyspepsia patients, 4,17 children with CNS patients, 28 electrical gastric activity in premature and newborn infants, 29 and pregnant women with vomiting and nausea. 30 In this study, the disorders of gastric myoelectric activity in patients with FD and D-GP were analyzed.…”

“…The most common sensorimotor disorders affecting the upper gastrointestinal tract are gastroparesis and functional dyspepsia 1 The clinical presentation and treatment of diabetic gastroparesis (D-GP) and functional dyspepsia (FD) overlap with commonly known disorders of the stomach associated with abdominal discomfort, epigastric pain, postprandial fullness, nausea, and cyclic vomiting. 1,2 The prevalence of FD and D-GP in the general population is usually confused worldwide due to the similarities and weak correlation of symptoms. 3,4 The current clinical methods for identifying FD and D-GP syndromes are the so-called Roma protocol, nuclear scintigraphy, abdominal ultrasonography (USG), single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT), nonimaging assessment, and esophagogastroduodenoscopy (EGD), which are invasive and expensive.…”

Gastric Myoelectric Activity and Body Composition Changes during Weight Loss via Sleeve Gastrectomy and Lifestyle Modification: Prospective Cohort Study

“…The weight-loss amount was calculated in kg according to the following equation [Wt loss= baseline weight − 6-month weight]; the percentage of weight change was calculated according to [% of Wt change = (baseline weight − 6-month weight/baseline weight) × 100]; and percentage of excess-weight loss was calculated according to [% of excess Wt loss = {(baseline BMI − 6-month BMI)/(baseline BMI − 22.3)} × 100]. The amount of fat-mass loss was calculated by using the following equation [FM loss (kg) = baseline fat mass − 6-month fat mass] and the percentage of excess-body-fat loss was calculated based on the fat-mass index (FMI) as follows [(initial FMI − 6-month FMI)/(initial FMI − ideal FMI) × 100] [ 8 ]. The ideal FMI was indicated according to our population-specific cutoff (9.7 kg/m 2 for women and 6.3 kg/m 2 for men) [ 18 ].…”

“…In addition, adults with morbid obesity showed increased bradygastria times in both fasting and fed states [ 7 ]. Our previous reports stated that obesity produces distinctive patterns of GMA disturbance in different phenotypes of the disease, with an increased predominance of bradygastria rhythm [ 8 ].…”

Association of Gastric Myoelectric Activity with Dietary Intakes, Substrate Utilization, and Energy Expenditure in Adults with Obesity

“…Electrogastrography (EGG) is a non-invasive procedure to record GMA through electrodes positioned on the surface of the abdomen [ 8 ]. Our previous work reported an association between GMA and gastric hormonal release [ 9 ]. Gastric slow waves are electrical impulses that spread along the stomach, generated by interstitial cells of Cajal, also known as pacemaker cells and smooth muscle cells, coupled with gastric motility and contractions [ 4 ], maintaining a basal rhythm of 2–4 cpm.…”