Association of comorbid depression, anxiety, and stress disorders with Type 2 diabetes in Bahrain, a country with a very high prevalence of Type 2 diabetes

Abstract

This study examined the association of depression, anxiety, and stress with Type 2 diabetes (T2DM) in Bahrain, an island-country with a very high prevalence of T2DM. This was a cross-sectional study involving administering Depression Anxiety Stress Scales (DASS)-21 structured depression, anxiety, and stress scale to 143 T2DM patients and 132 healthy controls. Higher proportion of T2DM patients were found in the mild-moderate and severe- extremely severe depression (p=0.002), anxiety (p<0.001), and stress (p<0.001) groups. Chronic disease and disease duration were significantly associated with the 3 disturbances, while employment status was associated with anxiety and depression. Logistic regression analysis showed that anxiety, depression, and stress were associated with T2DM after adjusting for all variables, while age was the only significant variable associated with stress. These results suggest a positive contribution of T2DM to increased depressive and/or anxiety and/or stress disorders among the patients examined, thereby recommending counseling for T2DM patients.

Association of depression, stress, and anxiety with type 2 diabetes mellitus: A case-control study

“…Studies by Islam et al [29] and Saadalla et al [30] independently showed that depression and T2DM are significantly associated. The finding of our study regarding the association of anxiety is also supported by studies conducted by Balhara [8] (P = 0.02), Engum, [7] Almawi et al [31] (P < 0.001), and Afzal et al [32] (OR = 5.348;CI = 2.15-13.29). Stress is also studied as an independent risk factor by various authors like Dutt et al [33] (OR = 4.3;Cl = 2-9.4; P < 0.001), Majgi et al [34] (OR = 10.5; CI = 1.3-90.7, P = 0.03), and Afzal et al [32] (OR = 4.52; CI = 1.95-10.50) and emerged as an independent risk factor for T2DM, which is in concordance with our study.…”

Psychological health and menopause-specific quality of life of Malaysian women with type 2 diabetes

“…Bahrain (2008) (Almawi et al, 2008;Kaur et al, 2013). This may be attributed to inadequate or inefficient coping skills for managing diabetes shortly after diagnosis.…”

Method and Means of Anxiety-Depression Disorders Correction in Patients With Arterial Hypertension Associated With 2nd Type Diabetes

“…Прослеживается связь между нарастанием уровня стресса и увеличением числа депрессивных расстройств, а также возросшей забо-леваемостью и смертностью от коронарной болезни сердца [6]. Выявлена связь между АГ и депрессией [7]. Именно поэтому в современных условиях про-блема депрессий рассматривается как одна из клю-чевых не только в психиатрии, но и в общей меди-цине [8].…”

“…Важно отметить тесную коморбидность депрессивных и тревожных рас-стройств. Депрессия почти всегда сопровождается тревожной симптоматикой [7,8].…”