Association of childhood smoking and adult mortality: prospective study of 120 000 Cuban adults

Thomson, Blake; Rojas, Nurys B. Armas; Lacey, Ben; Burrett, Julie Ann; Varona-Pérez, Patricia; Martínez, Migdalia Miranda; Lorenzo-Vázquez, Elba; Constantén, Sonia Bess; Rigau, José Manuel Morales; López, Osvaldo Jesús Hernández; Morales, Miguel Ángel Martínez; Alomá, Ismell Alonso; Estupiñán, Fernando Achiong; González, Mayda Díaz; Muñoz, Noel Rosquete; Asencio, Marelis Cendra; Emberson, Jonathan; Pető, Richárd; Lewington, Sarah; Herrera, Alfredo Dueñas

doi:10.1016/s2214-109x(20)30221-7

Cited by 38 publications

(31 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…Third, this cohort of VIPs was not designed to evaluate gender-related differences and, therefore, this analysis remains of retrospective and thesis-generating character per se. Fourth, other potential confounders, such as smoking status or socioeconomic data are lacking, which is another limitation 27 . Fifth, we observed a sex-specific difference in 30-day-mortality, but not in ICU mortality.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sex-specific outcome disparities in very old patients admitted to intensive care medicine: a propensity matched analysis

Wernly

Bruno

Kelm

et al. 2020

Sci Rep

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Female and male very elderly intensive patients (VIPs) might differ in characteristics and outcomes. We aimed to compare female versus male VIPs in a large, multinational collective of VIPs with regards to outcome and predictors of mortality. In total, 7555 patients were included in this analysis, 3973 (53%) male and 3582 (47%) female patients. The primary endpoint was 30-day-mortality. Baseline characteristics, data on management and geriatric scores including frailty assessed by Clinical Frailty Scale (CFS) were documented. Two propensity scores (for being male) were obtained for consecutive matching, score 1 for baseline characteristics and score 2 for baseline characteristics and ICU management. Male VIPs were younger (83 ± 5 vs. 84 ± 5; p < 0.001), less often frail (CFS > 4; 38% versus 49%; p < 0.001) but evidenced higher SOFA (7 ± 6 versus 6 ± 6 points; p < 0.001) scores. After propensity score matching, no differences in baseline characteristics could be observed. In the paired analysis, the mortality in male VIPs was higher (mean difference 3.34% 95%CI 0.92–5.76%; p = 0.007) compared to females. In both multivariable logistic regression models correcting for propensity score 1 (aOR 1.15 95%CI 1.03–1.27; p = 0.007) and propensity score 2 (aOR 1.15 95%CI 1.04–1.27; p = 0.007) male sex was independently associated with higher odds for 30-day-mortality. Of note, male gender was not associated with ICU mortality (OR 1.08 95%CI 0.98–1.19; p = 0.14). Outcomes of elderly intensive care patients evidenced independent sex differences. Male sex was associated with adverse 30-day-mortality but not ICU-mortality. Further research to identify potential sex-specific risk factors after ICU discharge is warranted. Trial registration: NCT03134807 and NCT03370692; Registered on May 1, 2017 https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT03370692.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sex-specific outcome disparities in very old patients admitted to intensive care medicine: a propensity matched analysis

Wernly

Bruno

Kelm

et al. 2020

Sci Rep

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“…33,34 Other major studies have reported on the prevalence of tobacco use in India, China, the Asia-Pacific region, Mexico, Cuba, and Russia. [36][37][38][39][40][41][42] Tobacco provides no physiological or pharmacological benefit to users. It has been estimated that there are approximately 1.3 billion smokers worldwide, 82% of whom are from middle-and low-income countries.…”

Section: Tobacco Smokingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cardiovascular Risk Factors and Prevention: A Perspective From Developing Countries

Teo

Rafiq

2021

Canadian Journal of Cardiology

163

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By the beginning of the 21st century, cardiovascular disease (CVD) had become the leading cause of premature mortality and morbidity worldwide, with 80% originating from less developed lower-income countries in line with societal and economic developments. Extensive research on causes and risk factors have been carried out since the mid-20th century and have established individual factors such as smoking, hypertension, diabetes, and dyslipidemia as CVD risk factors, followed by others. Two recent major case-control studies have summarized the role of common major CVD risk factors in determining the R ESUM E Au d ebut du XXI e siècle, les maladies cardiovasculaires (MCV) sont devenues la principale cause de mortalit e pr ematur ee et de morbidit e dans le monde, dont 80 % des cas ayant et e recens es dans des pays moins d evelopp es, à revenu relativement faible, conform ement à l' evolution du d eveloppement soci etal et economique. De vastes recherches men ees depuis le milieu du XX e siècle sur les causes et les facteurs de risque ont permis de d eterminer que les facteurs individuels comme le tabagisme, l'hypertension, le diabète et la dyslipid emie sont des facteurs de risque de MCV, suivis par d'autres. Dans deux Health TransitionsChanges in health patterns have occurred in the background of major societal changes in the global population. There are several major transitions, including urban, nutrition, and activity transitions, that might greatly affect cardiovascular health (Fig. 1) 5 : Urban transitionIn 1970, 37% of the world's population lived in urban areas; by 2025, this is projected to increase to 61% in developed countries but in lower proportions in developing countries. The effects of urbanization are associated with economic growth and can vary according to the country's economic development leading to heterogeneous effects on health. In developed countries, urbanization is accompanied by economic growth, planned development of urban infrastructures, and increased spending on social services, education, and health care. In poorer countries, rapid

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“…Tobacco use among youth increases the risk of reduced lung function, impaired lung growth, and early onset of chronic respiratory disease [ 11 ]. Starting to smoke in childhood doubles the risk of premature death [ 12 ]. The lungs continue to grow well into adulthood, but inhaling the toxic substances of tobacco smoke slows this process and causes potentially irreversible lung damage [ 11 ].…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

The World Health Organization's World No Tobacco Day 2020 Campaign Exposes Tobacco and Related Industry Tactics to Manipulate Children and Young People and Hook a New Generation of Users

Claire

Fayokun

Commar

et al. 2020

Journal of Adolescent Health

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There are 1.3 billion tobacco users worldwide. That number might be even larger if tobacco did not kill half of its users [1]. Every 4 seconds, tobacco is responsible for another premature death [2]. For decades, the tobacco industry has deliberately used aggressive, duplicitous, and well-resourced tactics to hook generations of users to nicotine and tobacco, driving the global tobacco epidemic. This is primarily achieved through engineering and manipulating of products to sustain addiction, with young people being the main target. The strategy is to replace smokers and ensure market sustainability by making the products appealing and attractive to new and existing users, especially youth. In 1984, R.J. Reynolds stated, "younger adult smokers are the only source of replacement smokers. If younger adults turn away from smoking, the industry must decline" [3]. Such strategies to engage children and adolescents before they are fully aware of the ramifications of their actions have been successfully used by the industry since the 1970s and are still in use today.Over the last decade, as the awareness of the harms of tobacco use has grown and global tobacco control efforts have intensified, the social acceptability of tobacco use has declined, directly impacting the sale of the most popular productdthe cigarette. To maintain its profitability, the multi-billion-dollar industry has aggressively started to look for newer markets in low-and middle-income countries and also come up with

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Association of childhood smoking and adult mortality: prospective study of 120 000 Cuban adults

Cited by 38 publications

References 20 publications

Sex-specific outcome disparities in very old patients admitted to intensive care medicine: a propensity matched analysis

Sex-specific outcome disparities in very old patients admitted to intensive care medicine: a propensity matched analysis

Cardiovascular Risk Factors and Prevention: A Perspective From Developing Countries

The World Health Organization's World No Tobacco Day 2020 Campaign Exposes Tobacco and Related Industry Tactics to Manipulate Children and Young People and Hook a New Generation of Users

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