Association of asymptomatic oral candidal carriage, oral candidiasis and CD4⁺ lymphocyte count in HIV‐positive patients in China

Abstract

In HIV-positive subjects, asymptomatic oral candidal colonization is not related to CD4+ lymphocyte count of blood, and the carriage rate is similar to that in the healthy population. Oral candidiasis is more likely to be observed in HIV-positive patients who have a low CD4+ lymphocyte count.

A comparative study of carrier state of Candida and its speciation in oral flora – Among healthy individuals, persons with DM and HIV sero positive individuals

“…Combination of Candida species in our study was 6% as in other studies [18][19][20]. Candida albicans was commonest in the present study (68%) like other studies [3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][20][21][22][23]. Our results, in oral carriage rate of candida in healthy individuals were in agreement with other studies [3,[18][19][20][21][22][23].…”

“…Safia A. AL-Attas and Soliman O. Amro from Jeddah, Saudi Arabia observed 33.3% carriage rate in diabetics with Candida albicans in 68.9% and 14.3% in healthy individuals with Candida albicans in 40% [10]. Carriage rate in diabetics in our study (44%) was a little higher than in some studies [3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][18][19][20][21][22][23]. Combination of Candida species in our study was 6% as in other studies [18][19][20].…”

“…All three studies were from India. Carriage rate in HIV positive and healthy persons 75% and 68% in a study from South Africa by Catherine Hester Johanna with Candida albicans in 56% [17] and 28.6% and 18% in another study from China by Liu X et al [4]. Rodrigues Costa et al found 62.6% of HIV positives carried candida in their oral cavities with Candida albicans in 50% in a study from Brazil [16].…”

“…The factors predispose people to candidiasis include AIDS, burns, pregnancy, high fruit diet, steroids, antibiotic treatment, immunosuppressants, cancer treatment, heart surgery, diabetes mellitus and use of catheter [2]. The frequent occurrence of candida infections in patients with DM has been recognized for many years and oral candidiasis in particular is thought to be more prevalent among these individuals [3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11]. With introduction of antifungal agents, the cause of candida infection shifted from Candida albicans to Candida glabrata and other non albicans species, as Candida glabrata and Candida krusei develop resistance to fluconazole [1,5].…”

An insight into diagnostically challenging salivary gland malignancy with case report: Polymorphous low grade adenocarcinoma

“…[2] Oral candidiasis is a common oral complication of HIV infection that causes discomfort, often with declining immune competence, and is a challenge to manage because of its recurring nature. [9] Candidiasis presents itself in different clinical variants like PC, EC, HPC and AC.…”