Association of adiposity measures with blood lipids and blood pressure in children aged 8–11 years

Vizcaíno, Vicente Martínez; Aguilar, Fernando Salcedo; Martínez, Montserrat Solera; Sánchez‐López, Mairena; Gutiérrez, Ricardo Franquelo; Rodríguez‐Artalejo, Fernando

doi:10.1111/j.1651-2227.2007.00441.x

Cited by 14 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 40 publications

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“…In these papers, we found that general risk parameters for cardiovascular disease were worsened by high body mass index. Body mass index was positively associated with systolic blood pressure in five studies,40 42 43 44 45 diastolic blood pressure in four studies,42 43 44 45 total cholesterol in one study,46 LDL cholesterol in three studies,43 45 46 triglycerides in three studies,43 45 46 and left ventricular mass in one study,47 and inversely associated with HDL cholesterol in two studies 4546 Body mass index was also associated with cardiovascular disease risk parameter clustering,43 44 48 49 50 51 and one study found the metabolic syndrome to be present in a statistically significant number of its overweight sample 48…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cardiovascular disease risk in healthy children and its association with body mass index: systematic review and meta-analysis

Friedemann

Heneghan

Mahtani

et al. 2012

BMJ

516

354

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Objectives To describe the association and its magnitude between body mass index category, sex, and cardiovascular disease risk parameters in school aged children in highly developed countries. Design Systematic review and meta-analysis. Quality of included studies assessed by an adapted version of the Cochrane Collaboration’s risk of bias assessment tool. Results of included studies in meta-analysis were pooled and analysed by Review Manager version 5.1. Data sources Embase, PubMed, EBSCOHost’s cumulative index to nursing and allied health literature, and the Web of Science databases for papers published between January 2000 and December 2011. Review methods Healthy children aged 5 to 15 in highly developed countries enrolled in studies done after 1990 and using prospective or retrospective cohort, cross sectional, case-control, or randomised clinical trial designs in school, outpatient, or community settings. Included studies had to report an objective measure of weight and at least one prespecified risk parameter for cardiovascular disease.Results We included 63 studies of 49 220 children. Studies reported a worsening of risk parameters for cardiovascular disease in overweight and obese participants. Compared with normal weight children, systolic blood pressure was higher by 4.54 mm Hg (99% confidence interval 2.44 to 6.64; n=12 169, eight studies) in overweight children, and by 7.49 mm Hg (3.36 to 11.62; n=8074, 15 studies) in obese children. We found similar associations between groups in diastolic and 24 h ambulatory systolic blood pressure. Obesity adversely affected concentrations of all blood lipids; total cholesterol and triglycerides were 0.15 mmol/L (0.04 to 0.25, n=5072) and 0.26 mmol/L (0.13 to 0.39, n=5138) higher in obese children, respectively. Fasting insulin and insulin resistance were significantly higher in obese participants but not in overweight participants. Obese children had a significant increase in left ventricular mass of 19.12 g (12.66 to 25.59, n=223), compared with normal weight children. Conclusion Having a body mass index outside the normal range significantly worsens risk parameters for cardiovascular disease in school aged children. This effect, already substantial in overweight children, increases in obesity and could be larger than previously thought. There is a need to establish whether acceptable parameter cut-off levels not considering weight are a valid measure of risk in modern children and whether methods used in their study and reporting should be standardised.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cardiovascular disease risk in healthy children and its association with body mass index: systematic review and meta-analysis

Friedemann

Heneghan

Mahtani

et al. 2012

BMJ

516

354

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…While the healthiest body fat percentages associated with the lowest mortality and mobidity have not been established, ranges of 12% to 20% for men and 20% to 30% for women have been suggested (Abernathy and Black 1996). Normal weight obesity has been linked with dyslipidemia, hypertension, hyperglycemia, heart disease, and all-cause and cardiovascular mortality (Daniels et al 1999;Dervaux et al 2008;Gómez-Ambrosi et al 2011;Musso et al 2011;Ridker et al 2003;Romero-Corral et al 2010;Vizcaíno et al 2007). While initially no participants had BMIs in the normal range coupled with "excessive" percent body fat, by the end of the study, 1 male and 3 females (3% of the study group) had BMIs in the normal range but ≥20% and 30% body fat, respectively.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Both obesity (defined as a body mass index (BMI) ≥ 30 kg•m -2 ) and "normal weight obesity" (i.e., having a BMI in the normal range of 18.5 to 24.9 kg•m -2 but having excessive body fat) are associated with a multitude of health prob-lems. While obesity has been linked with an increased risk of hyperlipidemia, heart disease, hypertension, and stroke, among others, normal weight obesity or greater adiposity has been linked with dyslipidemia, hypertension, and hyperglycemia (Daniels et al 1999;Dervaux et al 2008;Gómez-Ambrosi et al 2011;Romero-Corral et al 2010;Vizcaíno et al 2007) as well as with elevated plasma C-reactive protein concentrations, an indicator of inflammation (Musso et al 2011;Ridker et al 2003). Moreover, recent studies, which have included adults aged as young as 20 years, have found that gains in body fat are positively associated with heart disease as well as all-cause mortality and cardiovascular mortality (Romero-Corral et al 2010).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Changes in body weight, composition, and shape: a 4-year study of college students

Gropper

Simmons

Connell

et al. 2012

Appl. Physiol. Nutr. Metab.

127

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The objectives of this study were to examine changes in body weight, body mass index (BMI), body composition, and shape in a group of male and female students over the 4-year college period. Anthropometric assessments including height and weight (via standard techniques), body composition (via bioelectrical impedance analysis), and body shape (via 3-dimensional body scanning) were conducted at the beginning of the freshman year and end of the senior year in 131 college students. Four-year changes included significant (p < 0.0001) gains in weight (3.0 kg), BMI (1.0 kg·m(-2)), body fat (3.6%), and absolute fat mass (3.2 kg). Males gained significantly (p < 0.0001) greater amounts of weight, BMI, percent and absolute fat mass, and fat-free mass than females. Weight change ranged from (-)8.7 to (+)16.8 kg. About 70% of the participants gained weight, which averaged 5.3 kg; significant (p < 0.0001) gains in BMI, fat-free mass, absolute fat mass, and percent body fat and significant (p < 0.0005) increases in neck, chest-bust, waist, hips, seat, and biceps circumferences were also observed in this weight gain group. The percentage of participants classified as overweight-obese increased from 18% to 31%. The number of females and males with ≥30% and 20% body fat, respectively, increased from n = 14 to n = 26 (with n = 4 exhibiting normal weight obesity) over the 4-year period. The waist circumference changes were significantly (p < 0.0001) correlated with both weight and percent body fat changes. In conclusion, the increasing prevalence of obesity and normal weight obesity among this college population suggests the need for additional health promotion strategies on college campuses.

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“…Although recent studies propose other adiposity measures like waist circumference (Maffeis et al, 2001) or percentage body fat by bioimpedance (Martínez Vizcaíno et al, 2007), BMI continues to be an appropriate measure for estimating cardiovascular risk in children and adolescents (Plachta‐Danielzik et al, 2008).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Physical activity and quality of life in schoolchildren aged 11–13 years of Cuenca, Spain

Sánchez‐López

Salcedo-Aguilar²,

Solera-Martínez

et al. 2009

Scandinavian Med Sci Sports

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This study examined the differences in quality of life (QoL) between active and sedentary schoolchildren and analyzed these differences by gender and weight status. A total of 1409 children, aged 11-13 years, from 20 schools located in 20 municipalities of the province of Cuenca were invited to participate in a cross-sectional study; 1073 children agreed (76.15% response rate), of which 536 (49.9%) were boys. QoL was measured with Child Health and Illness Profile-Child Edition (CHIP-CE), an instrument measuring children's perception of their own health using a Likert-type scale with five dimensions: satisfaction, comfort, resilience, risk avoidance, and achievement. Multivariate analysis of variance using the scores of the different CHIP-CE dimensions as dependent variables, physical activity, gender, and body mass index (BMI) category as fixed factors, and age as co-variate showed the following: (1) the scores of active children were significantly better than the scores of sedentary children for every dimension except risk avoidance; (2) there were no significant differences in QoL by BMI category; and (3) girls had better mean scores than boys for resilience, risk avoidance, and achievement, and worse scores for comfort. These results suggest that active children have a better QoL and that gender differences favoring boys diminish or even reverse to favor active girls.

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Association of adiposity measures with blood lipids and blood pressure in children aged 8–11 years

Abstract: %BF from BIA is more strongly associated than either BMI or TST with most of the blood lipid fractions in schoolchildren aged 8-11 years.

Cited by 14 publications

References 40 publications

Cardiovascular disease risk in healthy children and its association with body mass index: systematic review and meta-analysis

Cardiovascular disease risk in healthy children and its association with body mass index: systematic review and meta-analysis

Changes in body weight, composition, and shape: a 4-year study of college students

Physical activity and quality of life in schoolchildren aged 11–13 years of Cuenca, Spain

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