Association between Vitamin D deficiency and Breast Cancer

Abstract

Objective:To determine the association between vitamin D deficiency and breast cancer.Methods:This case control study included 94 female patients aged 20-75 years of any marital status and parity. Newly diagnosed 42 breast cancer patients who presented to surgical OPD of Dow University Hospital from Jan 2016 to June 2016 were included into the study as “cases” after informed consent. Age-matched 52 females who presented to OPD for complain other than breast pathology were included as the “control group”. The sociodemographic of both cases and controls and histopathological characteristics of cases were recorded. Serum 25-(OH)2D levels were studied by the ELISA technique and recorded in ng/ml. Vitamin D deficiency was considered at serum level less than 20 ng/ml.Results:Mean age was 40.1 Years for controls and 47.6 Years for cases. Mean height, weight and BMI did not differ between cases and controls. Serum Vitamin D levels were significantly lower in cases (85.7%) than controls (55.8%). The unadjusted and adjusted ORs for breast cancer in cases and controls showed a statistically significantly increased risk of breast cancer with low vitamin D concentration (p value0.003). After adjustment for age, parity, BMI, sun exposure, economic status and education status the ORs (95% CIs) for breast cancer risk was7.8 (1.99 - 30.58) for women with vitamin D concentrations <20 ng/mL.Conclusion:Findings of our study conclude that vitamin D deficiency is associated with risk of breast cancer.

Serum vitamin D level, sun-exposed area, dietary factors, and physical activity as predictors of invasive breast cancer risk among Sudanese women: A case–control study

“…In other words, the higher the vitamin D level, the less likely would be the risk of having IBC. A similar association between low vitamin D and breast cancer was also observed in case–control studies of Jordanian,[20] Indian,[21] and Pakistani women[22] breast and nonbreast cancer. Interestingly, in Iranian women, low vitamin D was associated with risk of breast cancer only in postmenopausal women.…”

A multicenter case control study of association of vitamin D with breast cancer among women in Karachi, Pakistan

“…Similar findings of protective role of vitamin D against breast cancer are reported from studies in Indian populations [52,58]. Two studies done in Pakistan have only descriptive analysis in one [59] and small sample size in the other study [60].…”

Does marital status correlate with the female breast cancer risk? A systematic review and meta-analysis of observational studies

“…Among the case-control studies, 19 studies [12,21,24,27,30,32,33,35,37,41,43,44,46,48,54,55,62,64,65] were rated one star for the item of representativeness of the cases since they selected consecutive eligible cases in a defined area over a defined period. However, selection bias was still possible as only 12 studies recruited controls from the same community as the cases, while the remaining studies either used a hospital-based design [22][23][24]27,28,[30][31][32]35,39,[42][43][44][45]47,48,50,52,53,[55][56][57]59,60,63,65] or provided no description of the source [25,26,29,…”

“…No eligible cohort study was included in this comparison. In the 41 case-control studies [12,14,[21][22][23][24][25][26][27]29,[31][32][33][35][36][37][38][39][40][41][42][43][44][46][47][48][49][50][51][52][54][55][56][57][58][59][60][61][62][63][64], a 20% risk increase (OR = 1.20; 95% confidence interval (95% CI): 1.07 to 1.35) for breast cancer was detected in the unmarried women versus the married women, with considerable heterogeneity (I 2 = 82%; 95% CI: 77% to 87%). The meta-regression identified geographic region as a potential source of heterogeneity (P = 0.004) (S2 File).…”