Association Between Symptoms of Central Sensitization and Cognitive Behavioral Factors in People With Chronic Nonspecific Low Back Pain: A Cross-sectional Study

Huysmans, Eva; Ickmans, Kelly; Dyck, Dries Van; Nijs, Jo; Gidron, Yori; Roussel, Nathalie; Polli, Andrea; Moens, Maarten; Goudman, Lisa; Kooning, Margot De

doi:10.1016/j.jmpt.2017.08.007

Cited by 56 publications

(75 citation statements)

References 71 publications

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“…For example, the CSI mean scores of 45.8 (15.4) in a group with chronic spinal pain, 58.2 (10.5) in a group with fibromyalgia, 47.5 (14.9) in a group with chronic WP, and in a patient with two different CSS 52.4 (14.3) and 50.7 (13.0) (Mayer et al., ; Neblett et al., , , ). Compared with Dutch CSI findings, 36.09 (15.26), 43.88 (17.67), 32.92 (12.76), 39.06 (11.61), and 39 points and the interquartile range 27–52 points for our study (Huysmans et al., ; Kregel et al., , ; van Wilgen et al., ). Besides CSI total score, we see a difference in distribution of the CSI total score.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 58%

Convergent validity and clinically relevant categories for the Dutch Central Sensitization Inventory in patients with chronic pain

Noord¹,

Paap

Wilgen

2018

J Appl Biobehavioral Res

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The Central Sensitization Inventory (CSI) is a diagnostic tool, which assists the clinicians in the identification of signs of central sensitization (CS). Psychosocial factors contribute to the development and maintenance of signs of CS. But the relationship with the CSI is unknown. The aim of this study is to investigate the convergent validity for the Dutch CSI with CSS, depression, anxiety, widespread pain, catastrophizing, and pain intensity. The second aim is to determine clinically relevant categories for the Dutch CSI. In this cross-sectional study, patients completed multiple questionnaires. Bivariate correlations were calculated and the Kruskal-Wallis one-way analysis of variance test was used. One-hundred and ninety-eighth patients were included. The CSI scores were strongly correlated with depression (r s = .67; p < .01), anxiety (r s = .65; p < .01), and CSS (r s = .51; p < .01). Moderate to strong relationships were found for the Widespread Pain Index (r s = .43; p < .01) and a low relationship with pain intensity (r s = .36; p < .01) and catastrophizing (r s = .39; p < .01). Four clinical relevant categories were identified: low 0-26 points, mild 27-39points, moderate 40-52 points, and high 53+ points. This study provides a weak to strong association between the total score of the Dutch CSI and psychosocial factors, and presents clinically relevant categories for the Dutch CSI.2 of 13 | van der nOOrd et al.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 58%

Convergent validity and clinically relevant categories for the Dutch Central Sensitization Inventory in patients with chronic pain

Noord¹,

Paap

Wilgen

2018

J Appl Biobehavioral Res

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“…Strong correlations have been found among total CSI scores and other validated self‐report measures of pain intensity, depressive symptoms, anxiety symptoms, sleep disturbance, pain catastrophizing, the ability to concentrate, and perceived disability/pain interference/quality of life, all of which have been associated with CS/CSS (Caumo et al., ; Huysmans et al., ; Knezevic et al., ; Kregel et al., ; Neblett et al., , ; Neblett, Hartzell et al., ; Neblett, Hartzell, Williams et al., ; Tanaka et al., ).…”

Section: Validity Of the Csimentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Central sensitization inventory scores have been shown to be associated with CS‐related pain patterns. Higher CSI scores were associated with wider body area distribution of self‐reported knee pain, and lower pain thresholds, in a group of osteoarthritis patients who were scheduled to undergo primary total knee arthroplasty (Lluch Girbés et al., ); increased widespread pain sensitivity in a group of shoulder patients who were undergoing quantitative sensory testing (QST) (Coronado, Mackie, Simon, & George, ); longer pain duration, higher pain intensity, and more widespread pain pattern in a general chronic pain population (van Wilgen et al., ); and higher pain intensity and increased pain behavior (as assessed with a 1‐min stair‐climbing test) in a group of subjects with chronic nonspecific low back pain (Huysmans et al., ).…”

Section: Validity Of the Csimentioning

confidence: 99%

The central sensitization inventory: A user’s manual

Neblett

2018

J Appl Biobehavioral Res

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The Central Sensitization (CSI) Inventory was introduced in 2012. It was initially intended as a screener to help identify when presenting symptoms may be related to central sensitization or indicate the presence of a central sensitivity syndrome. It has now been translated and validated in a number of European, Asian, and South American languages. This article provides an overview of CSI rationale, development, recommended uses, and research results, including evidence of validity and reliability, in clinical and non‐clinical subject samples.

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“…This 40‐point cutoff score was later embedded into a recommended algorithm to help distinguish between a nociceptive and CS pain presentation . Other studies have found this cutoff score useful for classifying patients with low back pain . Kim et al found that the cutoff score had predictive validity for patients selected for knee arthroplasty.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…8 Other studies have found this cutoff score useful for classifying patients with low back pain. 30,31 Kim et al 32 found that the cutoff score had predictive validity for patients selected for knee arthroplasty. Higher dosages of analgesics and higher pain intensity correlated with higher CSI scores postsurgically.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cross‐cultural Adaptation and Psychometric Properties of the Greek Version of the Central Sensitization Inventory

et al. 2020

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Objectives Recent studies support the opinion that central sensitization (CS) plays an important role in the pathophysiology of many chronic pain conditions. CS refers to hyperexcitability of the central nervous system, which can result in pain hypersensitivity and other somatosensory symptoms. Recognition of CS‐related symptomology is crucial in chronic pain evaluation and rehabilitation. The Central Sensitization Inventory (CSI) was created to evaluate symptoms that have been found to be associated with CS. The aim of the current study was the cross‐cultural adaptation of the CSI into Greek (CSI‐Gr). Methods To evaluate discriminate validity, 200 patients with chronic pain and 50 healthy control subjects participated. The sample was divided into 4 diagnostic groups (fibromyalgia, single pain complaints, multiple pain complaints, and a control group) and into 5 CSI severity subgroups, from subclinical to extreme. Convergent validity was determined by evaluation of the relationship between the CSI‐Gr and the Pain Catastrophizing Scale (PCS). Additionally, 30 patients completed the CSI a second time for the purpose of a test/retest analysis. Results The results showed high internal consistency (Cronbach's alpha = 0.994) and test‐retest reliability (intraclass correlation coefficient = 0.993). The standard error of measurement was 2.1. The CSI‐Gr correlated moderately with the PCS (r = 0.68). Statistically significant differences were found among the 3 comparison groups, with patients who had fibromyalgia reporting the highest CSI severity and healthy control subjects reporting the lowest severity. Conclusions As determined in the present study, the CSI‐Gr was found to be a reliable and valid tool for recognition of CS‐related symptomology.

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Association Between Symptoms of Central Sensitization and Cognitive Behavioral Factors in People With Chronic Nonspecific Low Back Pain: A Cross-sectional Study

Cited by 56 publications

References 71 publications

Convergent validity and clinically relevant categories for the Dutch Central Sensitization Inventory in patients with chronic pain

Convergent validity and clinically relevant categories for the Dutch Central Sensitization Inventory in patients with chronic pain

The central sensitization inventory: A user’s manual

Cross‐cultural Adaptation and Psychometric Properties of the Greek Version of the Central Sensitization Inventory

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