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Breast cancer is one of the most serious and deadly cancers in women worldwide, with distant metastases being the leading cause of death. Tn antigen, a tumor‐associated carbohydrate antigen, was frequently detected in breast cancer, but its exact role in breast cancer metastasis has not been well elucidated. Here we investigated the impact of Tn antigen expression on breast cancer metastasis and its underlying mechanisms. The expression of Tn antigen was induced in two breast cancer cell lines by deleting T‐synthase or Cosmc, both of which are required for normal O‐glycosylation. It showed that Tn‐expressing cancer cells promoted epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT) and metastatic features as compared to Tn(−) control cells both in vitro and in vivo. Mechanistically, we found that cancer susceptibility candidate 4 (CASC4), a heavily O‐glycosylated protein, was significantly downregulated in both Tn(+) cells. Overexpression of CASC4 suppressed Tn‐induced activation of EMT and cancer metastasis via inhibition of Cdc42 signaling. Furthermore, we confirmed that O‐glycosylation is essential for the functional role of CASC4 because defective O‐glycosylated CASC4 (mutant CASC4, which lacks nine O‐glycosylation sites) exerted marginal metastatic‐suppressing effects in comparison with WT CASC4. Collectively, these data suggest that Tn‐mediated aberrant O‐glycosylation contributes to breast cancer metastasis via impairment of CASC4 expression and function.
Breast cancer is one of the most serious and deadly cancers in women worldwide, with distant metastases being the leading cause of death. Tn antigen, a tumor‐associated carbohydrate antigen, was frequently detected in breast cancer, but its exact role in breast cancer metastasis has not been well elucidated. Here we investigated the impact of Tn antigen expression on breast cancer metastasis and its underlying mechanisms. The expression of Tn antigen was induced in two breast cancer cell lines by deleting T‐synthase or Cosmc, both of which are required for normal O‐glycosylation. It showed that Tn‐expressing cancer cells promoted epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT) and metastatic features as compared to Tn(−) control cells both in vitro and in vivo. Mechanistically, we found that cancer susceptibility candidate 4 (CASC4), a heavily O‐glycosylated protein, was significantly downregulated in both Tn(+) cells. Overexpression of CASC4 suppressed Tn‐induced activation of EMT and cancer metastasis via inhibition of Cdc42 signaling. Furthermore, we confirmed that O‐glycosylation is essential for the functional role of CASC4 because defective O‐glycosylated CASC4 (mutant CASC4, which lacks nine O‐glycosylation sites) exerted marginal metastatic‐suppressing effects in comparison with WT CASC4. Collectively, these data suggest that Tn‐mediated aberrant O‐glycosylation contributes to breast cancer metastasis via impairment of CASC4 expression and function.
Objective The role of postoperative of the ratio of c-reactive protein to albumin (CRP/Alb ratio) in the prognosis of gastric cancer is rarely evaluated. Our purpose was to investigate the correlation of the postoperative CRP/Alb ratio and long-term prognosis of gastric cancer. Methods We enrolled 430 patients who suffered from radical gastrectomy. The commonly used inflammatory indices, clinical-pathological characteristics and oncologic outcomes were recorded. The median was used to the cut-off value for preoperative and postoperative CRP/Alb ratio, respectively. Kaplan–Meier analysis and Cox proportional hazards regression model were performed to determine its prognostic significance. Results In univariate analysis, there were significant differences were observed in overall survival (OS) according to perioperative CRP/Alb ratio, c-reactive protein (CRP), serum albumin (Alb), respectively. According to the multivariate analysis, higher postoperative CRP/Alb ratio (HR 2.03, 95% CI 1.55–2.66, P < 0.001), lower postoperative albumin (Alb), higher preoperative c-reactive protein (CRP) and higher postoperative CRP were indicated a shorter overall survival. Conclusion Postoperative inflammatory factors in patients with gastric cancer should be pay attention, especially postoperative CRP/Alb ratio may be an independent predictor of long-term prognosis of gastric cancer.
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