Association Between Dietary Inflammatory Index and Heart Failure: Results From NHANES (1999–2018)

Abstract

Objective: To explore the relationship between dietary inflammatory index (DII) and heart failure (HF) in participants with cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases.Methods: NHANES (1998–2018) data were collected and used to assess the association of HF with DII. Twenty-four-hour dietary consumptions were used to calculate the scores of DII. Demographic characteristics and physical and laboratory examinations were collected for the comparison between HF and non-HF groups. Logistic regression analysis and random forest analysis were performed to calculate the odds rate and determine the potential beneficial dietary components in HF.Results: A total of 19,067 cardiac-cerebral vascular disease participants were categorized as HF (n = 1,382; 7.25%) and non-HF (n = 17,685; 92.75%) groups. Heart failure participants had higher levels of DII score compared with those in the non-HF group (0.239 ± 1.702 vs. −0.145 ± 1.704, p < 0.001). Compared with individuals with T1 (DII: −3.884 to −0.570) of DII, those in T3 (DII: 1.019 to 4.598) had a higher level of total cholesterol (4.49 ± 1.16 vs. 4.75 ± 1.28 mmol/L, p < 0.01), globulin (29.92 ± 5.37 vs. 31.29 ± 5.84 g/L, p < 0.001), and pulse rate (69.90 ± 12.22 vs. 72.22 ± 12.77, p < 0.001) and lower levels of albumin (40.76 ± 3.52 vs. 39.86 ± 3.83 g/L, p < 0.001), hemoglobin (13.76 ± 1.65 vs. 13.46 ± 1.77 g/dl, p < 0.05), and hematocrit (40.83 ± 4.69 vs. 40.17 ± 5.01%, p < 0.05). The odds rates of HF for DII from the logistic regression were 1.140, 1.158, and 1.110 in models 1, 2, and 3, respectively. In addition, from the results of random forest analysis, dietary magnesium, fiber, and beta carotene may be essential in HF.Conclusion: Dietary inflammatory index was positively associated with HF in US adults, and dietary intervention might be a promising method in the therapy of HF.

Association between dietary inflammatory index and atherosclerosis cardiovascular disease in U.S. adults

“…Third, the DII was calculated based on a single 24-hour dietary recall, which is subject to some chance and recall bias. Nevertheless, this method is currently widely used and validated ( 16 , 33 , 34 ). Forth, due to the limited information in the NHANES database, carbohydrates were jointly taken into account without separating the complex from simple carbohydrates in calculating the DII score ( 83 , 84 ).…”

“…The DII was calculated from a 24-hour recall of dietary data on day one ( 16 , 33 , 34 ), including the types and amounts of foods and beverages consumed during the 24-hour period preceding the interview (midnight to midnight) collected in the MEC. Data are subsequently used to estimate intakes of energy, nutrients, and other food components from those foods and beverages validated by the Nutrition Methodology Working Group ( 35 ).…”

“…Then converted the Z-score to a percentile scale, doubled the resulting percentile value, and subtracted “1” to achieve a symmetrical distribution centered on “0”. Finally, multiplied by the total inflammation score for each dietary component, the inflammatory index of each dietary ingredient or nutrient was calculated to obtain an individual DII ( 14 , 33 , 37 ). DII scores range from negative to positive, with lower scores indicating greater anti-inflammatory effects and higher scores implying stronger pro-inflammatory effects of the diet ( 14 ).…”

Exploring the role of uterine fibroids in promotion of cardiovascular diseases by diabetes exposure: Findings from national health and nutrition examination survey 1999–2006

“…Previous studies indicated that a high-fat diet is associated with levels of endogenous estradiol, a risk factor for UF ( 14 ). However, another study in Japan suggests no significant association between fat intake and UF, while alcohol intake increased the risk of UF ( 15 ). The dietary patterns have been proved to be linked with the occurrence of CVDs ( 16 ); therefore, it is plausible that they shared similar risk factors in dietary composition.…”

Association Between Diet-Related Inflammation and COPD: Findings From NHANES III

“…In the present study, twenty-seven nutrients were used to calculate the DII score ( 16 ): alcohol, vitamin B12/B6, β-carotene, caffeine, carbohydrates, cholesterol, energy, total fat, fiber, folic acid, Fe, Mg, monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFAs), niacin, n-3 fatty acids, protein, polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs), riboflavin, saturated fat, Se, thiamine, vitamin A/C/D/E, and Zn. Additionally, even the numbers of nutrients applied for the calculation of DII is <30, the DII scores are still convincing ( 16 , 17 ).…”