Association between antipsychotic drug use and cataracts in patients with bipolar disorder: A population-based, nested case-control study

Chu, Chih‐Sheng; Chou, Po-Han; Chen, Yi Huei; Huang, Min; Hsu, Min Yen; Lan, Tsuo Hung; Lin, Ching Heng

doi:10.1016/j.jad.2016.11.019

Cited by 12 publications

(10 citation statements)

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“…We considered this may be associated with selection bias in our study. Mood stabilizer and atypical antipsychotics were used for the treatment of BD [ 33 ]. The metabolic syndrome, including hyperlipidemia, was reported as the adverse effect of the treatment [ 34 ].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Association of viral hepatitis and bipolar disorder: a nationwide population-based study

et al. 2018

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BackgroundBipolar disorder (BD), a type of psychiatric mood disorder, is manifested by chronic and recurrent mood fluctuations. This study aims to determine whether hepatitis B virus (HBV) or hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection is a risk factor for BD.MethodsA total of 48,215 patients with newly diagnosed viral hepatitis from 2000 to 2010 were identified and frequency-matched with 192,860 people without hepatitis. Both groups were followed until diagnosis with BD, withdrawal from the national health insurance program, or the end of 2011. Patients with viral hepatitis were grouped into 3 cohorts: HBV infection, HCV infection, and HBV/HCV coinfection. The association between viral hepatitis and BD were examined using Cox proportional hazards regression models.ResultsThe incidence of BD was higher in HBV/HCV coinfection than in the control group, with an adjusted hazard ratio of 2.16 (95% confidence interval 1.06–4.41) when adjusted for sex, age, and comorbidity. After further adjustment, we noted that an age more than 65 years and female may be associated with an increased risk of BD in patients with chronic hepatitis B and C.ConclusionViral hepatitis may be associated with increased risk of subsequent BD.Electronic supplementary materialThe online version of this article (10.1186/s12967-018-1542-3) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Association of viral hepatitis and bipolar disorder: a nationwide population-based study

et al. 2018

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“…The National Health Insurance Research Database (NHIRD) in Taiwan was launched in March 1995, and covered more than 99% of Taiwan’s population by the end of 2010 [ 29 ]. As it is one of the largest insurance databases in the world, it contains all claims data from both inpatients and outpatients from Taiwan and has provided valuable information in several epidemiological studies [ 29 , 30 , 31 ]. Clinical diagnoses were coded according to the International Classification of Diseases, 9th Revision, Clinical Modification (ICD-9-CM).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Association between Use of Benzodiazepine Receptor Agonists and the Risk of Obstructive Sleep Apnea: A Nationwide Population-Based Nested Case-Control Study

Hsu

Chen

et al. 2021

IJERPH

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Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is characterized by recurrent upper airway collapse. Benzodiazepine receptor agonists (BZRAs) are associated with pharyngeal muscle relaxation, increased apnea duration, and hypoxia, which might worsen OSA. This study aimed to examine the association between the use of BZRAs and the risk of OSA. The study was conducted using data from the National Health Insurance Database of Taiwan between 2002 and 2011. We only included new users who were never exposed to any BZRAs and identified 1848 participants with OSA, and 1848 matched controls. A logistic regression model was used to determine the association between the use of BZRAs and the development of OSA. BZRA exposure was divided into usage patterns, dosage, duration, and pharmacokinetic class. We found an increased risk of OSA in current users and recent past users compared with distant past users. Patients with a higher cumulative dose of BZRAs were more likely to develop OSA compared to those with a lower cumulative dose. We found an increased risk of OSA in patients treated with BZRAs, especially for current users and those with higher cumulative doses. A reduced risk of OSA was found in Z-drug users compared with benzodiazepine users.

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“…In another population-based, nested case-control study conducted in patients with bipolar disorder, Chu et al 13 examined the association between antipsychotic drug use and a new diagnosis of cataract; analyses were adjusted for confounding variables, and antidepressant use was one such confounding variable. In the adjusted analysis, concurrent antidepressant use was associated with an increased risk of cataract (OR, 1.23; 95% CI, 1.06-1.43).…”

Section: Antidepressants and Cataract: Other Recent Findingsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In both of these studies, 12,13 as well as in 2 of the studies 5,6 included in the meta-analysis by Fu et al, 3 the association between antidepressant use and cataract was not the primary objective of the study. However, all 4 studies adjusted the analyses for cataract risk factors, and so the ORs for the association between antidepressant use and cataract were also adjusted ORs.…”

Section: Antidepressants and Cataract: Other Recent Findingsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Antidepressants, Mood Stabilizers, Antipsychotics, and the Risk of Cataract

Andrade

2019

J. Clin. Psychiatry

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Depression and Eye Diseases Zheng et al 1 described a systematic review and meta-analysis of depression and depressive symptoms in patients with eye diseases. They identified 28 relevant studies (pooled N = 6,589) and estimated that the prevalence of depression or depressive symptoms was 25% (95% CI, 20%-30%) in the pooled sample. The highest prevalence was found in patients with xerophthalmia (29%). The prevalence was also high in patients with glaucoma (25%), age-related macular degeneration (24%), and cataract (23%). Patients with eye disease were at higher risk of depression or depressive symptoms than healthy controls (odds ratio [OR], 1.59; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.40-1.81). It is possible that the depression in patients with eye disease is a reaction to the ocular symptoms, and it is possible that the depression and eye disease occur coincidentally. It is also possible that depression and its correlates are a risk factor for at least some eye diseases. In this context, one possibility is that the antidepressant drugs used to treat depression increase the risk of cataract. Cataract Cataract is a disease of the eye that is characterized by impairment of vision resulting from the development of opacities in the lens. Cataract is the leading cause of blindness in low and middle income countries. The prevalence of cataract is about 4% in persons who are around 60 years of age and > 90% in those who are 80 years and older. Risk factors for cataract include older age, female sex, genetic vulnerabilities, lifestyle behaviors, medical comorbidities, and many others. 2 Psychotropic drugs, particularly antidepressant drugs, have recently been associated with cataract. This article critically examines the literature on the subject. Antidepressant Drugs and Cataract: Meta-Analysis Fu et al 3 described a systematic review and meta-analysis of studies that examined the development of cataract after antidepressant use. They searched electronic databases, reference lists, and other sources and identified 7 relevant case-control studies; 3 had been conducted in the United States, 2 in Canada, and 1 each in the United Kingdom and Taiwan. The pooled sample included 447,672 cases and 1,510,391 controls. Important findings from the meta-analysis 3 are presented in Table 1. In short, selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors, serotonin-norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors, and tricyclic antidepressants were each associated with a small but statistically significant increase in the risk of cataract. All 3 analyses were characterized by substantial heterogeneity; the authors did not examine the source of the heterogeneity. Among individual antidepressant drugs, the risk was significant for citalopram, fluoxetine, fluvoxamine, and venlafaxine but not for paroxetine, sertraline, escitalopram, duloxetine, and milnacipran; it is possible that many analyses were underpowered for the individual drugs. Visual inspection of the funnel plot suggested clear publication bias.

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Association between antipsychotic drug use and cataracts in patients with bipolar disorder: A population-based, nested case-control study

Cited by 12 publications

References 46 publications

Association of viral hepatitis and bipolar disorder: a nationwide population-based study

Association of viral hepatitis and bipolar disorder: a nationwide population-based study

The Association between Use of Benzodiazepine Receptor Agonists and the Risk of Obstructive Sleep Apnea: A Nationwide Population-Based Nested Case-Control Study

Antidepressants, Mood Stabilizers, Antipsychotics, and the Risk of Cataract

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