Assistência à Saúde da Criança com Câncer na Produção Científica Brasileira

Abstract

No Brasil, a partir dos dados obtidos do registro de câncer de base populacional, observou-se que câncer infantil varia de 1% a 4,6%. É uma especialidade contemporânea e tem seu corpo de conhecimento e prática em processo de construção. O objetivo da pesquisa foi mapear as produções científicas brasileiras da temática de câncer em crianças. Para tanto, foi feita a seleção dos artigos disponíveis on-line na íntegra e sua classificação, segundo as variáveis: ano, região, subárea e tipo de estudo; e a análise da tendência e natureza. Trata-se de um estudo de revisão, com abordagem descritiva quanti-qualitativa. A busca bibliográfica foi efetuada na base de dados Lilacs. Foram selecionados para análise 44 artigos, nos quais a região brasileira com maior destaque foi a Sudeste, seguida pela Sul. Evidenciou-se um traçado ascendente do quantitativo das publicações na distribuição por período, entre 1982-2007. Na Área das Ciências da Saúde, destacaram-se as produções tipo pesquisa, principalmente nas subáreas da Enfermagem e Medicina. A natureza predominante das pesquisas foi a clínico-epidemiológica, seguida da sociocultural; e a tendência foi absolutamente curativa. Concluiu-se o quanto é complexo o processo de adoecimento da criança com câncer e o prejuízo biopsicossocial que afeta a criança, a família e os profissionais envolvidos neste processo. A oncologia pediátrica configura um desafio para os pesquisadores e para a equipe multiprofissional, tanto na prevenção quanto no cuidado paliativo, evidenciando que essas ações ainda representam lacunas na produção científica brasileira.

Strategies for aid to families in the course of post-diagnosis of child cancer / Estratégias de auxílio a famílias no enfrentamento do pós-diagnóstico de câncer infantil

“…9,[12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21] When communication is used as a mean for exchanging information, it becomes extremely important for parents, a good conversation between nurse and family includes the way the news is given, the clarity of the treatment and the clarification of doubts peculiar to parents. [2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9] An effective communication tool is writing, one of the studies 11 reported the creation of an institutional teaching material written in a booklet format containing information explaining cancer treatment as well as its side effects and tips on what should be done when undergoing chemotherapy treatment. This instrument was considered satisfactory by the families and patients who received the booklet as a good way to understand the disease, especially when it is at the beginning of treatment, in which much new information that is completely unknown by parents comes out.…”

“…Family members' affective experience with the disease, the moment of diagnosis and the beginning of treatment are the most difficult phases. 2,3 The impact on the family is usually related to extensive and frequent periods of hospitalization, aggressive therapy, limitations in understanding the diagnosis, suffering, anguish, and pain. Thus, the nurse, as well as the entire health team needs to emotionally assist these families by enabling them so that they can orient themselves along the path of the disease, reduce the stress of hospitalization and maintain hope about the reality imposed on them.…”

“…Thus, the nurse, as well as the entire health team needs to emotionally assist these families by enabling them so that they can orient themselves along the path of the disease, reduce the stress of hospitalization and maintain hope about the reality imposed on them. 2 The interest in researching this theme came from observations made during experiences in the blood-cancer area of a University Hospital in the interior of Rio Grande do Sul State. The contact of the researcher with the situation of childhood cancer led to the reflection that the family is always present in this disease process and that the moment of receiving a diagnosis can be a strong shock, because in most cases feelings such as anguish, helplessness, and even despair become evident.…”

Feelings, Reception and Humanization in Palliative Care to Children With Leukemia

“…Leukemia is the most common among children under 15 years, mainly acute lymphocytic leukemia (ALL). 2 When exhaust the possibilities of curing a child with poor prognosis, we adopt palliative care aimed at relieving symptoms without curative intent providing quality of life.…”

“…The support is from the relief of suffering by controlling pain and symptoms, as well as the psychosocial and spiritual. 2 Palliative care is a subject that requires a daily reflection, especially when you think that technology advances can increase the life expectancy of patients without therapeutic management, which may not be synonymous with quality of life. This care is aimed at the development of a natural death, showing the importance of a comprehensive care when it comes to children with leukemia.…”