Assisted migration poleward rather than upward in elevation minimizes frost risks in plantations

Sang, Zihaohan; Hamann, Andreas; Aitken, Sally N.

doi:10.1016/j.crm.2021.100380

Cited by 8 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 34 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…Climatic projections taking into consideration the growing season point to a greater risk of frosts after the beginning of the spring growth of plants in a warming climate [4,62,63]. There are also numerous studies [64,65] indicating that despite warmer winters, there is a lengthening of the period in which frosts may occur, regardless of the established lengthening of the frost-free period.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Air Frosts in Poland in the Thermal Growing Season (AT > 5 °C)

et al. 2023

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Frosts cause damage to plants in field crops and also trees, thus contributing to heavy economic losses in agriculture. One of the consequences of climate warming is the lengthening of the thermal growing season (AT > 5 °C) and acceleration of phenological phases as well as the lengthening of the frost-free period. This favourable element allows the extension of the range of cultivated plants to include plants requiring warmth and a longer development period. The present study concerns the area of Poland. The data on mean and minimum 24-h period air temperature (200 cm above ground level—AGL) were obtained from 52 meteorological stations of the Institute of Meteorology and Water Management—National Research Institute (IMGW-PIB) for the period 1971–2020. A day with air frost was identified when the recorded minimum air temperature was below 0.0 °C and the mean 24-h period air temperature was above 0.0 °C. All calculations concerning frosts were limited to the period with mean 24-h period air temperature >5 °C (the growing season) as determined with the Gumiński method. The obtained results show that in the thermal growing season (AT > 5 °C) in Poland, no statistically significant change in the average number of days with air frosts in the period 1971–2020 was found. On average, in Poland, in the years 1971–2020, a lengthening of the thermal growing season by 6.2 days over 10 years was identified. Earlier disappearance of the latest air frosts in spring was identified as 2 to 3 days over 10 years, and the later occurrence of air frosts in autumn as 1 to 4 days over 10 years. The share of severe (−4.1°C ÷ −6.0 °C) and very severe (<−6.0 °C) frosts in the total number of days with air frosts in Poland amounts to, on average, 5.8% in spring and 2.6% in autumn.

show abstract

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Air Frosts in Poland in the Thermal Growing Season (AT > 5 °C)

et al. 2023

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…While PC3 (lowland–montane) explained only a moderate proportion of variance in climate (14.0%), we chose to include it because of the importance of elevation‐driven adaptation in interior spruce. Elevational and latitudinal transfers of equivalent temperatures may result in drastically different risks of maladaptation due to changes in growing season length and timing which expose populations to frost risk (Sang et al, 2021). PC3 revealed strong convergent clines at Tête Jaune Cache, the most montane site in the series, which were not evident along the first two PCs.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Elevational and latitudinal transfers of equivalent temperatures may result in drastically different risks of maladaptation due to changes in growing season length and timing which expose populations to frost risk (Sang et al, 2021). PC3 revealed strong convergent clines at Tête Jaune Cache, the most montane site in the series, which were not evident along the first two PCs.…”

Section: Climate-driven Clines In Spectral Reflectance Traitsmentioning

confidence: 96%

Picturing local adaptation: Spectral and structural traits from drone remote sensing reveal clinal responses to climate transfer in common‐garden trials of interior spruce (Picea engelmannii × glauca)

Grubinger

Coops

O’Neill

2023

Global Change Biology

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Common-garden trials of forest trees provide phenotype data used to assess growth and local adaptation; this information is foundational to tree breeding programs, genecology, and gene conservation. As jurisdictions consider assisted migration strategies to match populations to suitable climates, in situ progeny and provenance trials provide experimental evidence of adaptive responses to climate change. We used drone technology, multispectral imaging, and digital aerial photogrammetry to quantify spectral traits related to stress, photosynthesis, and carotenoids, and structural traits describing crown height, size, and complexity at six climatically disparate common-garden trials of interior spruce (Picea engelmannii × glauca) in western Canada. Through principal component analysis, we identified key components of climate related to temperature, moisture, and elevational gradients. Phenotypic clines in remotely sensed traits were analyzed as trait correlations with provenance climate transfer distances along principal components (PCs). We used traits showing clinal variation to model best linear unbiased predictions for tree height (R 2 = .98-.99, root mean square error [RMSE] = 0.06-0.10 m) and diameter at breast height (DBH, R 2 = .71-.97, RMSE = 2.57-3.80 mm) and generated multivariate climate transfer functions with the model predictions. Significant (p < .05) clines were present for spectral traits at all sites along all PCs. Spectral traits showed stronger clinal variation than structural traits along temperature and elevational gradients and along moisture gradients at wet, coastal sites, but not at dry, interior sites. Spectral traits may capture patterns of local adaptation to temperature and montane growing seasons which are distinct from moisture-limited patterns in stem growth. This work demonstrates that multispectral indices improve the assessment of local adaptation and that spectral and structural traits from drone remote sensing produce reliable proxies for groundmeasured height and DBH. This phenotyping framework contributes to the analysis of common-garden trials towards a mechanistic understanding of local adaptation to climate.

show abstract

“…Such factors include both ecological and social challenges. For example, AM means that species are translocating to the areas that will be suitable for them in the future but, probably, worse for them at the moment of translocation in comparison with their existing ranges (see, e.g., Zihaohan Sang et al 2021 ). Also, the public can support or oppose such projects.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Customary Norms, General Principles of International Environmental Law, and Assisted Migration as a Tool for Biodiversity Adaptation to Climate Change

Lavrik

2022

Jus Cogens

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Assisted migration (AM) is a translocation of the representatives of species to areas outside their natural habitats as a response to climate change. This article seeks to identify how customary norms and general principles of international environmental law could guide the development of regulation of AM maximizing the benefits of using AM and minimizing AM-related risks . Among the customary norms and principles of international environmental law discussed in the article and relevant to the regulation of AM are the permanent sovereignty over natural resources, the principle of cooperation, the no-harm rule, the precautionary principle, the principles of prevention, due diligence, and obligation to conduct environmental impact assessment (EIA), the principles of integration and intergenerational equity, common but differentiated responsibilities, and the polluter pays principle, the principles of non-regression, progression, resilience, in dubio pro natura , the principle of ecological proportionality, and the principle of access to information, public participation, and access to justice in environmental matters (principle of good governance, environmental democracy).

show abstract

Assisted migration poleward rather than upward in elevation minimizes frost risks in plantations

Cited by 8 publications

References 34 publications

Air Frosts in Poland in the Thermal Growing Season (AT > 5 °C)

Air Frosts in Poland in the Thermal Growing Season (AT > 5 °C)

Picturing local adaptation: Spectral and structural traits from drone remote sensing reveal clinal responses to climate transfer in common‐garden trials of interior spruce (Picea engelmannii × glauca)

Customary Norms, General Principles of International Environmental Law, and Assisted Migration as a Tool for Biodiversity Adaptation to Climate Change

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About